Fim ɗin Marufi na Likitanci Mai Layi 11
Fim ɗin marufi na likita mai shinge mai tsayi na HSQY mai lanƙwasa 11 PA/PP/EVOH/PE fim ne mai sassauƙa da aka haɗa shi da yadudduka da yawa wanda aka tsara don na'urorin likitanci, yadi na likitanci da sauran aikace-aikacen marufi na kiwon lafiya masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke buƙatar shingen iskar oxygen, juriya ga hudawa, juriya na injiniya da aikin rufe zafi.
Tsarin da ake amfani da shi a yanzu shine PA/TIE/PP/TIE/PA/EVOH/PA/TIE/PE/PE . EVOH yana ba da babban aikin toshewar iskar oxygen, PA yana ba da gudummawa ga tauri da juriyar huda, yayin da yadudduka na PE da PP ke tallafawa sassauci, kariyar danshi, rufewa da aikin sarrafawa.
A halin yanzu HSQY tana lissafa kauri na fim daga 0.03mm zuwa 0.45mm da faɗinsa har zuwa 4000mm . Ana samun tsare-tsare masu haske da za a iya bugawa bisa ga ƙayyadaddun samfurin na yanzu.
Ana kuma sanya samfurin a matsayin fim ɗin marufi na likita mai sauƙin barewa . Halin barewa na ƙarshe ya dogara da layin rufewa, substrate na haɗuwa, zafin hatimi, matsin lamba da lokacin da za a daɗe, don haka ya kamata a gwada cikakken fakitin a ƙarƙashin yanayin marufi na abokin ciniki.
Bidiyon Fim ɗin Haɗin gwiwa na PA/PP/EVOH
Hotunan Fim ɗin Marufi na Likitanci Mai Layi 11
![Fim ɗin fakitin likita mai shinge mai tsayi mai tsayi mai tsawon 11 na PA PP EVOH PE]( "11-Layer High Barrier Medical Packaging Film")
Babban Shafi na Fim ɗin Marufi na Likitanci Mai Shafawa
![Tsarin fim ɗin PA PP EVOH PE mai lanƙwasa 11]( "11-Layer Co-Extrusion Film Structure")
Tsarin Haɗakarwa Mai Layi 11
![babban fim ɗin haɗin gwiwa mai shinge don marufi na na'urorin likita]( "Medical Device Packaging Film")
Aikace-aikacen Marufi na Na'urorin Lafiya
Bayani dalla-dalla game da fim ɗin PA/PP/EVOH/PE mai matakai 11
| Kadara |
Cikakkun Bayanan |
| Sunan Samfuri |
Fim ɗin Marufi na Likitanci Mai Layi 11 |
| Alamar kasuwanci |
HSQY |
| Nau'in Samfuri |
Fim ɗin Marufi Mai Sauƙi na Likita / Fim ɗin Haɗa-haɗa Mai Layi Mai Yawa |
| Tsarin gini |
PA/TIE/PP/TIE/PA/EVOH/PA/TIE/PE/PE/PE |
| Adadin yadudduka |
Layuka 11 |
| Layer na Shamaki |
Layer Mai Hana Iskar Oxygen Mai Girma na EVOH |
| Kauri |
0.03mm–0.45mm / 30–450μm |
| Mafi girman Faɗi |
4000mm |
| Bayyanar |
Share |
| Bugawa |
Ana iya bugawa bisa ga ƙayyadadden samfurin da ake da shi a yanzu |
| Aikin Barewa |
Matsayin Samfurin Mai Sauƙi; Tabbatar da Yanayin Haɗin Matsakaici da Hatimin |
| Babban Aikace-aikacen SEO |
Na'urorin Lafiya da Marufi na Yadi na Likita |
| Sauran Manhajoji da aka Jera a Shafin Yanzu |
Aikace-aikacen Marufi da Aikace-aikacen Gyaran Abinci |
| Yin sterilization |
Shafin da ke Yanzu Ya lissafa Dacewar Tsaftacewa; Dole ne a Tabbatar da Daidaitacciyar Hanya da Zagaye |
| Matsakaicin kudin shiga (MOQ) |
1000 kg |
Muhimmi: Ba a bayar da ainihin OTR, WVTR, ƙarfin hatimi, ƙarfin barewa, dacewa da tsaftace jiki da sauran ƙimar aikin marufi na likita a shafin na yanzu ba. Nemi bayanan fasaha don ainihin matakin fim ɗin kafin a ƙayyade waɗannan ƙimar a cikin tsarin marufi na likita da aka tabbatar.
Yadda Tsarin Fim Mai Layi 11 Ke Aiki
Fitar da kayan haɗin kai mai yawa yana bawa polymers daban-daban damar yin ayyuka daban-daban a cikin fim ɗaya mai sassauƙa. Tsarin HSQY na yanzu yana haɗa layukan PA, PP, EVOH, PE da ƙulla.
| Babban Aikin Kayan |
Aiki a Tsarin Multilayer |
| PA / Polyamide / Nailan |
Yana samar da tauri, juriya ga hudawa, juriya ga lanƙwasawa da kuma kariya daga inji. |
| EVOH |
Yana samar da babban aikin iskar oxygen da iskar gas. |
| PP / Polypropylene |
Yana ba da gudummawa ga aikin injiniya, sinadarai da zafi bisa ga tsarin ƙarshe. |
| PE / Polyethylene |
Yana tallafawa sassauci, juriya ga danshi da kuma aikin rufewa. |
| Ƙungiyoyin TIE |
In ba haka ba, haɗa yadudduka na polymer waɗanda ba su dace ba tare da juna a cikin tsarin da aka haɗa. |
Me yasa ake amfani da EVOH a cikin Fim ɗin Marufi na Likita?
Ana haɗa EVOH a cikin marufi mai layuka da yawa musamman don rage iskar oxygen da iskar gas. Wannan na iya zama mahimmanci lokacin da na'urar likita, yadi na likitanci ko kayan da aka shirya suna da saurin kamuwa da iskar shaka ko wasu abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli.
Ba a amfani da EVOH shi kaɗai a cikin wannan tsarin HSQY ba. Ana kare shi da yadudduka na PA, PP da PE da ke kewaye, wanda ke ba da damar cikakken tsarin mai matakai 11 don daidaita aikin shinge tare da sassauci, juriya ga hudawa, iya rufewa da aikin juyawa.
Muhimman Features na Babban Shinge na Fim ɗin Marufi na Lafiya
1. Shingen Iskar Oxygen Mai Yawan Shafawa
Matakan EVOH suna ba da juriya mai ƙarfi ga iskar oxygen da watsa iskar gas, wanda ke tallafawa aikace-aikacen marufi inda aikin shinge muhimmin abu ne na zaɓi.
2. Juriyar Huda
Matakan PA da yawa suna taimakawa wajen kare fakitin daga hudawa da matsin lamba na inji wanda samfuran likitanci masu tauri ko marasa tsari ke haifarwa yayin sarrafawa da rarrabawa.
3. Kariyar Launuka Da Yawa
Tsarin mai layuka 11 yana ba da damar rarraba ayyukan shinge, injina, rufewa da kariyar danshi a cikin takamaiman yadudduka na polymer.
4. Ƙarfin Rufe Zafi
An tsara fim ɗin ne don amfani da shi wajen rufe zafi. Ya kamata a ƙayyade zafin rufewa na ƙarshe, matsin lamba da lokacin da za a iya ɗauka ta amfani da ainihin na'urar haɗa manne da injin marufi.
5. Zaɓin Sauƙi-Bawo
Ana tallata samfurin don aikace-aikacen marufi na likita masu sauƙin barewa. Ya kamata a tabbatar da ingancin barewa bisa ga ainihin murfin ko kayan haɗin gwiwa don cimma daidaiton da ake buƙata tsakanin amincin fakitin da buɗewa mai sarrafawa.
6. Bayyana Ganuwa ta Samfura
Fim mai haske yana ba da damar duba samfurin da aka naɗe a gani inda ake buƙatar ganinsa ta hanyar ƙirar marufi.
7. Tsarin da za a iya bugawa
Zaɓuɓɓukan fim ɗin da za a iya bugawa na iya tallafawa ganewa, umarni, alamar kasuwanci da sauran bayanan fakiti bisa ga tsarin bugawa da aka zaɓa.
8. Faɗin Keɓancewa
Kauri daga 30μm zuwa 450μm da faɗin har zuwa 4000mm yana ba da sassauci ga injunan marufi daban-daban da girman fakiti.
Fim ɗin Marufi na Likita Mai Sauƙi
A cikin marufi na likita, barewa mai sauƙi ba zai nufin rauni a rufewa ba. Marufi mai barewa yana buƙatar isasshen ingancin hatimi yayin sarrafawa, tsaftacewa, rarrabawa da adanawa yayin da yake ba da damar buɗewa mai sarrafawa a wurin amfani.
Sifofin barewa sun dogara ne akan alaƙar da ke tsakanin layin rufe fim ɗin da kuma akasin haka. Saboda haka, masu siye ya kamata su samar da ainihin takardar likita, takardar da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin nau'in Tyvek, fim, tire ko wani saman rufewa da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin kunshin da aka gama.
Ƙarfin Hatimi: Kafa isassun sahihan bayanai game da yanayin sarrafawa da rarrabawa da aka tsara.
Ƙarfin Barewa: Kayyade ƙarfin buɗewa da ake buƙata bisa ga girman fakitin da kuma amfanin da aka yi niyya.
Tsaftace Barewa: Yi kimanta hanyar haɗin hatimi don tsagewar zare, ɓarna, toshewar igiya ko wasu halayen buɗewa marasa kyau.
Tagar Hatimi: Tabbatar da ingantaccen aikin hatimi a cikin yanayin zafin jiki, matsin lamba da lokacin zama da aka yi amfani da shi akan layin marufi.
Aikace-aikacen Marufi na Na'urar Lafiya da Aikace-aikacen Marufi na Yadi na Likita
Ana iya kimanta fim mai shinge mai matakai da yawa don ayyukan marufi na likita inda ake buƙatar haɗa shingen iskar gas, kariya ta zahiri, tsabta da kuma rufewa.
Na'urorin Lafiya: Marufi mai sassauƙa don na'urori masu dacewa waɗanda ke buƙatar kariyar shinge mai haske da dorewar injina.
Yadin Likita: Marufi don samfuran kiwon lafiya masu dacewa da yadi inda aka kafa ƙa'idodi na kariya da amincin fakiti.
Abubuwan da ke Gane Cututtuka: Ana iya kimanta marufi mai ƙarfi don abubuwan da ke da haɗari waɗanda ke buƙatar kariya daga iskar oxygen ko fallasa ga muhalli.
Fakitin Lafiya na Thermoformed: Ana iya kimanta fim ɗin Layer mai yawa don amfani da shi bisa ga zurfin da ake buƙata da kuma ainihin matakin fim ɗin.
Fakitin Lafiya Masu Busawa: Ana iya kimanta tsare-tsare masu dacewa inda ake buƙatar buɗewar barewa mai sarrafawa tare da wani abu mai ɗaurewa mai dacewa.
Fim ɗin Babban Shafi idan aka kwatanta da Fim ɗin Lafiya na PA/PE na yau da kullun
| Kwatanta |
PA/PP/EVOH/PE High Barrier Film |
Standard PA/PE Film |
| Shagon Iskar Oxygen |
EVOH yana samar da ingantaccen aikin hana iskar oxygen |
Ƙananan shinge idan aka kwatanta da tsarin da ke ɗauke da EVOH |
| Rikicewar Tsarin |
Tsarin tsari mai faɗi da yawa na musamman mai Layer 11 |
Tsarin tsari mai faɗi da yawa gabaɗaya ya fi sauƙi |
| Mafi dacewa da |
Aikace-aikace da ke buƙatar kariyar kariya daga iskar oxygen |
Aikace-aikace inda ba a buƙatar shingen iskar oxygen mai tsanani ba |
| Zaɓin Ƙarshe |
Dangane da yanayin na'urar, yadda ake tsaftace ta, yadda ake yin shinge da kuma tsawon lokacin da za a ɗauka |
Dangane da kariyar kunshin da buƙatun aikin farashi |
Yarjejeniyar Tsaftacewa
Shafin samfurin HSQY na yanzu ya bayyana cewa wannan fim ɗin ya dace da yin amfani da maganin hana haihuwa, amma bai gano takamaiman hanyar yin amfani da maganin hana haihuwa, zafin jiki, yawan magani ko zagayowar sarrafawa ba.
Kayan marufi na likita na iya amsawa daban-daban ga hanyoyin ethylene oxide, radiation, tururi da sauran hanyoyin tsaruwa. Saboda haka, ya kamata a kimanta fim ɗin da aka zaɓa da cikakken fakitin ta amfani da ainihin tsarin tsaruwa da aka yi niyya ga samfurin likitanci da aka gama.
Hanyar Tsaftacewa: Samar da EO, gamma, e-beam, tururi ko wasu hanyoyin da ake buƙata yayin neman kimanta samfurin.
Yanayin Tsarin Aiki: Bayar da zafin jiki, lokacin fallasawa, adadin radiation ko wasu sigogin zagayowar da suka dace.
Ingancin Hatimi: Kimanta hatimin fakiti kafin da kuma bayan an yi amfani da shi wajen tsaftace jiki.
Rike Shamaki: Tabbatar cewa abubuwan da ake buƙata na shingen sun kasance masu karɓuwa bayan tsarin tsaftacewa da aka yi niyya.
Ingancin Inji: Kimanta huda, lanƙwasawa, cirewa da sauran haɗarin fakitin bayan sarrafawa.
Tabbatar da Marufi na Likitanci da ISO 11607
Ga na'urorin likitanci da aka yi wa tiyatar kashewa, fim ɗin mai sassauƙa ɓangare ɗaya ne kawai na tsarin marufi da aka gama. Ya kamata a tantance zaɓin kayan aiki, ƙirƙirar su, rufe su, tsaftace su, rarraba su da kuma adana su tare.
ISO 11607 ya ƙunshi kayan aiki, tsarin shinge mai tsafta da tsarin marufi da ake amfani da su don na'urorin likitanci da aka yi wa tiyatar rigakafi, da kuma tabbatar da tsarin ƙira, hatimi da haɗuwa.
Cancanta na Kayan Aiki: Tabbatar cewa fim ɗin da aka zaɓa ya dace da na'urar da aka yi niyya, tsarin marufi da hanyar tsaftacewa.
Haɓaka Tsarin Rufe Hatimi: Kafa sigogi masu dacewa na zafin jiki, matsin lamba da lokacin zama.
Ingancin Fakitin: A tantance hatimin da ingancin fakitin kafin da kuma bayan an yi amfani da shi wajen tsaftace shi.
Gwajin Rarrabawa: Kimanta tsarin marufi da aka gama bayan jigilar kaya da sarrafawa inda ya dace.
Tsufa: Tabbatar da aikin marufi ta hanyar shirin da aka tsara na tsawon lokacin shiryawa.
Yadda Ake Zaɓar Fim ɗin Marufi na Lafiya Mai Layi 11
Kayayyakin Lafiya: Bayar da nau'in samfurin, girma, nauyi da kuma ko yana ɗauke da abubuwa masu tauri ko masu kaifi.
Bukatar Shamaki: A samar da OTR, WVTR ko wani buƙatar shinge idan akwai.
Kauri a Fim: Zaɓi bisa ga tsarin na'ura, zurfin tsari, haɗarin hudawa da buƙatun ƙarfin fakiti.
Faɗin Naɗi: Bayar da ainihin faɗin da kayan aikin marufi ke buƙata.
Matsakaici: Gano takarda, kayan Tyvek, fim, tire ko wani wuri da fim ɗin zai rufe.
Bukatar Barewa: A ƙayyade ko ana buƙatar barewa mai sauƙi, hatimin walda ko wani siffa ta buɗewa.
Tsaftacewa: Samar da hanyar tsaftace jiki da yanayin sarrafa shi.
Bugawa: Samar da buƙatun bugawa, tsarin tawada da kuma takamaiman wuraren da aka buga inda ya dace.
Takardun Dokoki: Gano rahotannin fasaha da ake buƙata da buƙatun kasuwar da za a je.
Ana Bukatar Bayanin da ake Bukata don Samun Bayani Mai Sauri game da Fim ɗin Likitanci
1. Na'urar likita ko nau'in yadi na likita
2. Kauri da ake buƙata na fim ɗin
3. Faɗin birgima da ake buƙata
4. Shamakin iskar oxygen ko danshi da ake buƙata
5. Ma'auratan da ke haɗa hatimin
6. Bukatar sassauƙan barewa ko walda
7. Hanyar yin sterilization da zagayowar
8. Zurfin tsari ko girman kunshin
9. Alamar injin marufi da samfurin
10. Bukatun bugawa
11. Takardun fasaha ko na ƙa'idoji da ake buƙata
12. Adadin da ake buƙata
13. Ƙasar da za a je ko tashar jigilar kaya
Takardun Inganci da Takaddun Shaida
Ayyukan marufi na likita na iya buƙatar takamaiman samfura, bayanan gwajin shinge, rahotannin kadarorin injina, bayanan dacewa da tsaftacewa, takaddun tsarin inganci da sauran bayanan da suka shafi kasuwa.
Nemi takardu don ainihin makin fim ɗin HSQY da ake tantancewa. Bai kamata a fassara takaddun shaida na kamfani na gaba ɗaya a matsayin tabbatar da marufi na likita ko takardar shaidar wani takamaiman tsarin shingen da aka gama ba.
![Takardar shaidar takardar shaidar fim ɗin fakitin likita mai shinge na HSQY]( "HSQY Medical Packaging Film Documentation")
Nunin Kasa da Kasa
![Nunin Shanghai na HSQY na 2017]()
Nunin Shanghai na 2017
![Nunin Shanghai na HSQY na 2018]()
Nunin Shanghai na 2018
![Nunin HSQY na Saudiyya na 2023]()
Nunin Saudiyya na 2023
![Nunin Amurka na HSQY 2023]()
Nunin Amurka na 2023
![Nunin HSQY na 2024 na Australiya]()
Nunin Ostiraliya na 2024
![Nunin Amurka na HSQY 2024]()
Nunin Amurka na 2024
![Nunin HSQY na Mexico na 2024]()
Nunin Mexico na 2024
![Nunin HSQY na 2024 na Paris]()
Nunin Paris na 2024
Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi
Menene fim ɗin marufi na likita mai layuka 11 na PA/PP/EVOH/PE?
Fim ne mai sassauƙa wanda aka haɗa shi da yadudduka da yawa wanda ya haɗa da PA, PP, EVOH, PE da kuma ƙulla layuka don samar da shingen iskar oxygen, ƙarfin injiniya, sassauci da aikin rufewa don aikace-aikacen marufi na likita masu dacewa.
Menene ainihin tsarin HSQY mai matakai 11?
Ƙayyadaddun HSQY na yanzu yana lissafin PA/TIE/PP/TIE/PA/EVOH/PA/TIE/PE/PE/PE.
Me yasa ake amfani da EVOH a cikin fim ɗin marufi na likita?
EVOH yana ba da aiki mai yawa na hana iskar oxygen da iskar gas. A cikin wannan tsari mai matakai da yawa, yana aiki tare da yadudduka na PA, PP da PE waɗanda ke ba da kariya ta injiniya, sassauci, juriya ga danshi da aikin rufewa.
Wadanne kauri ake samu?
Takaddun HSQY na yanzu sun lissafa kauri daga 0.03mm zuwa 0.45mm, daidai da kimanin 30–450μm.
Menene matsakaicin faɗin fim ɗin?
A halin yanzu HSQY ya lissafa matsakaicin faɗin 4000mm.
Shin wannan fim ɗin marufi na likita mai sauƙin cirewa ne?
An sanya samfurin na yanzu a matsayin fim mai sauƙin barewa. Aikin barewa na ainihi ya dogara ne akan abin rufewa da tsarin rufewa, don haka ya kamata a gwada ƙarfin barewa da halayen buɗewa a kan kunshin da aka gama.
Shin wannan fim ɗin zai iya rufe takardar likita?
Daidaituwa da takardar likita ya dogara ne akan ainihin layin rufe fim ɗin da kuma murfin takarda. Bayar da takamaiman takardar likita don HSQY ta iya kimanta daidaito maimakon ɗauka cewa kowace takardar likita za ta rufe fim ɗin iri ɗaya.
Shin fim ɗin zai iya rufe Tyvek?
Dacewar hatimin Tyvek ya dogara ne akan ainihin layin hatimin fim da kuma matakin Tyvek. Masu siye ya kamata su bayar da takamaiman bayanin substrate kuma su yi gwajin ƙarfin hatimi da barewar kafin amfani da su a kasuwanci.
Shin wannan fim ɗin ya dace da yin amfani da shi wajen tsaftace jiki?
Shafin HSQY na yanzu ya bayyana cewa fim ɗin ya dace da tsaftace jiki, amma ba ya buga takamaiman hanyar tsaftace jiki ko zagayowar tsaftacewa. A samar da tsarin da ake buƙata don a tabbatar da daidaiton da ya dace da ainihin matakin fim ɗin.
Shin fim ɗin ya dace da maganin hana tsufa (EO)?
Ba a rubuta takamaiman daidaiton EO a shafin samfurin na yanzu ba. Idan ana buƙatar tsaftace EO, nemi bayanan fasaha da suka dace kuma tabbatar da cikakken fakitin a ƙarƙashin ainihin tsarin EO.
Shin fim ɗin ya dace da yin amfani da gamma ko e-beam sterilization?
Ya kamata a tabbatar da dacewa da radiation don matakin da aka zaɓa da kuma adadin da ake buƙata. Shafin HSQY na yanzu bai buga iyakokin adadin gamma ko e-beam da aka tabbatar ba.
Shin wannan fim ɗin ya yi daidai da ISO 11607?
ISO 11607 ya shafi kayan marufi na likita, tsarin shinge mai tsafta da kuma tsarin marufi. Ya kamata a kimanta bin ƙa'idodi don kayan da suka dace da tsarin marufi da aka gama; bai kamata a ɗauka daga sunan fim ɗin kawai ba.
Waɗanne ƙa'idodi ne fim ɗin ya bayar?
Shafin HSQY na yanzu yana bayyana samfurin a matsayin babban shinge amma bai buga takamaiman ƙimar OTR ko WVTR ba. Nemi bayanan fasaha na yanzu don ainihin kauri da tsarin da ake buƙata.
Za a iya buga fim ɗin?
Eh. An jera tsare-tsare masu iya bugawa a shafin HSQY na yanzu. Tabbatar da hanyar bugawa, tsarin tawada da buƙatun tsaftacewa kafin a samar da kayan kasuwanci.
Menene MOQ?
Takaddun samfurin HSQY na yanzu sun lissafa mafi ƙarancin adadin oda na 1000kg.
Zan iya neman samfura don gwajin fakiti?
Shafin na yanzu yana lissafa wadatar samfurin tare da jigilar kaya da aka tattara. Bayar da kauri, faɗi, substrate ɗin rufewa, hanyar tsaftacewa da aikace-aikacen marufi don tabbatar da samfurin da ya dace.
Wane bayani ya kamata in bayar don yin ƙiyasin farashi?
Samar da kauri na fim, faɗi, nau'in samfurin likita, buƙatar shinge, substrate na rufewa, buƙatar barewa, hanyar tsaftacewa, injin marufi, buƙatar bugawa, adadi da inda za a je.
Me Yasa Zabi HSQY Don Fim ɗin Marufi na Lafiya Mai Haɗaka?
Tsarin Layer 11 da aka Bayyana: Samfurin da ake amfani da shi a yanzu yana amfani da tsarin PA/TIE/PP/TIE/PA/EVOH/PA/TIE/PE/PE mai siffofi da yawa.
Babban Zaɓin Shamaki: EVOH yana ba da ingantaccen aikin shamaki mai hana iskar oxygen don aikace-aikacen marufi masu laushi.
Faɗin Girma: Bayanan da ake da su a yanzu sun ƙunshi kauri daga 0.03–0.45mm da faɗi har zuwa 4000mm.
Tallafin Aikin Sauƙi: Ana iya kimanta buƙatun rufewa da barewa bisa ga ainihin tsarin haɗa manne da marufi.
Kayayyakin B2B: HSQY yana tallafawa masana'antun marufi na likitanci, masu canza kaya, masu rarrabawa da ayyukan marufi na masana'antu waɗanda ke buƙatar adadin fina-finan kasuwanci.
Game da Ƙungiyar Roba ta HSQY
Kamfanin HSQY Plastic Group yana samar da fina-finan haɗin gwiwa masu layi da yawa, fina-finan marufi na likita, kayan marufi masu sassauƙa da kayayyakin filastik ga abokan cinikin B2B na ƙasashen duniya.
Don fim ɗin PA/PP/EVOH/PE mai layuka 11, marufi na na'urorin likitanci mai shinge mai ƙarfi, marufi na yadi na likitanci ko ayyukan fim ɗin likita masu sauƙin barewa, aika HSQY bayanin fasaha, hanyar tsaftacewa, marufi na rufewa da adadi don kimantawa da ƙididdigewa.
