Ifilimu ye-PVC Engamelani ne-UV yocingo lotshani lokwenziwa

Ifilimu ye-PVC Engamelani ne-UV yocingo lotshani lokwenziwa

I-HSQY Plastic Group inikeza ifilimu eqinile ye-PVC eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yokukhiqiza uthango lotshani lokwenziwa, izikrini zobumfihlo zokuhlobisa, amaqabunga othango okwenziwa kanye nemikhiqizo eluhlaza yangaphandle. Ukwakheka kwe-PVC okumelana ne-UV kungaxoxwa ngakho kubakhiqizi abadinga ukumelana okuthuthukisiwe nokukhanya kwelanga emikhiqizweni yabo yothango yokuhlobisa eqediwe.

Ifilimu yethu yocingo lotshani lokwenziwa lwe-PVC iyatholakala ngemibala eluhlaza, eluhlaza okotshani, onsundu kanye nemibala engenziwa ngokwezifiso. Uhlu lwamanje lomkhiqizo luhlanganisa ubukhulu obusukela ku-0.07 mm kuya ku-1.2 mm kanye nobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-15 mm. Izinketho ze-matt kanye nezindawo ezingenalutho zifakiwe kulwazi lomkhiqizo olukhona.

Kwabakhiqizi bocingo lotshani lokwenziwa, abaguquli bamafilimu epulasitiki, abangenisi kanye nabasabalalisi, i-HSQY ingaxoxa ngezincazelo zezinto ezibonakalayo ngokuya ngobukhulu obudingekayo, ububanzi bokugoqa, ukuqina kwefilimu, umbala, imishini yokuguqula kanye nezimo zokuvezwa ngaphandle.

Ukusebenza kwe-UV kuncike ekwakhiweni kwe-PVC okukhethiwe, iphakheji yokuzinzisa, uhlelo lombala kanye nezimo zokuchayeka. Abathengi abadinga izinga elichaziwe lokumelana ne-UV kufanele bacacise izinga labo lokuhlola, inhloso yokusebenza kanye nendawo yokufakwa ehlosiwe ngaphambi koku-oda.

Ividiyo Yokubuka Konke Kwefilimu Yocingo Lotshani Lokwenziwa lwe-PVC

Iyini ifilimu yocingo lwe-PVC engamelani ne-UV?

Ifilimu yocingo lotshani lwe-PVC olungamelana ne-UV iyifilimu ye-polyvinyl chloride enemibala eyenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwamaqabunga okwenziwa lapho kufanele kucatshangelwe khona ukuchayeka elangeni. Izinto zingacutshungulwa zibe yimichilo yotshani ehlobisayo, amaqabunga okwenziwa kanye nezinye izingxenye ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ucingo lotshani okwenziwa.

Ifilimu ye-PVC esetshenziselwa uthango lotshani ivame ukunikezwa njengesitoko esigoqekayo. Ingasikwa noma inqunywe ibe yimichilo emincane bese ifakwa ezakhiweni ezifanele ze-wire-mesh noma zokusekela uthango ukuze kudalwe uthango oluhlaza oluhlotshisiwe kanye nemikhiqizo yesikrini sobumfihlo.

Iziqinisi ze-UV zisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwe-PVC okufanele ukusiza ekunciphiseni ukuwohloka okuhlobene nokuchayeka ku-ultraviolet. Kodwa-ke, ukumelana ne-UV akusho ukuthi into ethile ayithinteki ukukhanya kwelanga okuhlala isikhathi eside, ukushisa, umswakama noma isimo sezulu. Ukusebenza kufanele kuhlolwe kusetshenziswa indlela yokuhlola echaziwe kanye nezindlela zokwamukela.

Lo mkhiqizo uyizinto zokusetshenziswa zefilimu ye-PVC kunokuba kube yiphaneli yocingo lotshani oluqediwe noma ikhaphethi yotshani yokwenziwa enoboya kanye nesisekelo. Ukusebenza kokugcina kwangaphandle kuncike ezimweni zokwakhiwa nokufakwa kocingo oluphelele.

Izithombe Zomkhiqizo Wefilimu Yocingo Lotshani Oluhlaza Oluhlaza Olwenziwe Nge-PVC

Imininingwane yefilimu yocingo lwe-PVC yotshani engamelani ne-UV

Lezi zincazelo ezilandelayo zihlanganisa uhlu lwamanje lomkhiqizo nolwazi lobuchwepheshe olunikezwe ngaphambilini lwalolu hlu lwamafilimu e-PVC. Ukwakheka okuqondile okumelana ne-UV, ubukhulu bamafilimu kanye nemibhalo yokusebenza esekelayo kumele kuqinisekiswe ku-oda elikhethiwe.

Izici Eziyinhloko Zefilimu ye-PVC Yezicelo Zocingo Lotshani Lwangaphandle

• Inketho Yokwenza Okumelana Ne-UV: Izidingo zezinto ze-PVC ezigxile ngaphandle zingaxoxwa ngokuya ngokuchayeka kwe-UV okuchaziwe kanye nokuhlolwa okuhlosiwe.

• Imibala Eluhlaza Ngokwezifiso: Okuluhlaza okotshani, okuluhlaza okotshani, onsundu kanye nemibala eyenziwe ngokwezifiso kungacatshangelwa utshani bokwenziwa kanye nemikhiqizo yothango lokuhlobisa.

• Ubukhulu Befilimu Obulungisekayo: Amageyiji ahlukene emicu yamaqabunga okwenziwa, utshani bokuhlobisa kanye nezingxenye zocingo.

• Ubuso Obucwebe noma Obungenalutho: Izinketho zokubukeka ezitholakalayo zokukhiqiza uhlaza okwenziwe ngokwenziwa.

• Izinto Zokugoqa Zokuguqula: Ifilimu ingahlolwa ukuze ikwazi ukusika, ukunquma kanye nokwenza amahlamvu okuhlobisa.

• Izidingo Zezinto Ezilungiselelwe Ngokwezifiso: Ukuqina kwefilimu, ubukhulu bokugoqa, ukwakheka kwezinto kanye nezidingo zokusebenza ezithile kungabuyekezwa ngokuya ngephrojekthi.

• Ukuthengiswa Okudayiswa Ngobuningi: Kufanelekela izingxoxo zokuthola izinto zezimboni nabakhiqizi bocingo lotshani, abaguquli bamafilimu, abangenisa kanye nabasabalalisi.

Ukumelana ne-UV kanye nokusebenza kwesimo sezulu sangaphandle

Uthango lotshani lokwenziwa lwangaphandle luvezwa ukukhanya kwelanga, izinguquko zokushisa, umswakama kanye nezinye izimo zemvelo. Ukwakheka kwefilimu ye-PVC kungathonya ukugcinwa kombala, ukuguquguquka kanye nokuziphatha kokuguga kwezinto ngaphansi kwalezi zimo.

Ukuzinza kwe-UV kwefilimu yocingo lotshani lwe-PVC

Iziqinisi ze-UV kanye nezinhlelo zombala ezifanele zingafakwa ekwakhiweni kwe-PVC okwenzelwe ukuvezwa ngaphandle. Ukusebenza kwazo kuncike ekwakhiweni, ukujiya kwefilimu, ukuqina kokuvezwa kanye nezimo zokuhlola ezifanele. Abathengi kufanele babone izinga lokusebenza elidingekayo lapho bekhetha ibanga langaphandle.

Ukugcinwa Kombala Ngaphansi Kokukhanya Kwelanga

Ukuzinza kombala kubaluleke kakhulu emikhiqizweni yocingo lotshani oluluhlaza okotshani. Abakhiqizi kufanele bachaze ireferensi yokuqala yombala kanye noshintsho olwamukelekayo ngemuva kokuhlolwa okucacisiwe kokushisa okwenziwa noma ukuvezwa ngaphandle. Incazelo ejwayelekile yokumelana ne-UV ayimiseli umphumela othile wokugcina umbala.

Ukuguquguquka Kwefilimu Ngemva Kokuguguleka Kwesimo Sezulu

Ukuguga kwangaphandle kungathinta izakhiwo zemishini kanye nokuguquguquka kwefilimu. Uma umkhiqizo oqediwe udinga imichilo noma amaqabunga aguquguqukayo, abathengi kufanele bacabangele ukuthi imininingwane yabo idinga ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo zemishini ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlolwa kwesimo sezulu esifanele.

Izindinganiso Zokuhlola Zangaphandle kanye Nezindlela Zokwamukela

Izindlela ezivamile zokuhlola i-polymer weathering zifaka phakathi izindlela zokuvezwa kwe-UV noma i-xenon-arc elebhu, njengezingxenye ezisebenzayo zezindlela ze-ISO 4892 noma ze-ASTM weathering. Indlela ekhethiwe, isikhathi sokuvezwa kanye nezindlela zokwamukelwa kufanele kuvunyelwane ngazo ngokwakhiwa kwangempela kwefilimu ye-PVC kanye nemakethe ehlosiwe.

Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu okusheshisiwe akusho ukuthi ngokuzenzakalela kufana nenani elithile leminyaka yenkonzo yangaphandle. Indawo yokufaka, isimo sezulu kanye nokwakhiwa komkhiqizo oqediwe kumele kucatshangelwe lapho kuhlolwa ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle.

Ukusetshenziswa kwefilimu yocingo lwe-PVC Grass Fence engamelani ne-UV

Amaphaneli Nama-Rolls Ocingo Lotshani Lokwenziwa

Ifilimu ye-PVC ingaguqulwa ibe yimichilo yotshani ehlotshisiwe futhi inamathiselwe ku-wire mesh ehlanganisiwe noma kwezinye izakhiwo ezifanelekile zokusekela ucingo. Izidingo zezinga langaphandle kufanele zinqunywe ngokuya ngemibandela yokusetshenziswa kocingo oluqediwe kanye nokufakwa kwalo.

Izikrini Zobumfihlo Zokuhlobisa

Imichilo eluhlaza yamaqabunga e-PVC ingasetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yokuhlobisa yokuhlobisa amabhalkhoni, izingadi, imingcele kanye nezindawo zezentengiselwano. Ukukhetha izinto kufanele kucabangele ukubukeka, ukuguquguquka, ukuqina kombala kanye nezimo zokuvezwa.

Amaphaneli Othango Lokwenziwa kanye Nezindonga Eziluhlaza

Abakhiqizi bodonga oluhlotshisiwe noluhlotshisiwe bangasebenzisa ifilimu ye-PVC enemibala njengento eluhlaza yokwenza amaqabunga okwenziwa noma izingxenye zomcu wotshani. Imibala ehlukene kanye nokuqedwa kungahlanganiswa ukuze kufezwe ukubukeka okuhlosiwe kokuhlobisa.

Izihlahla ZikaKhisimusi Zokwenziwa kanye Namaqabunga Okuhlobisa

Amafilimu e-PVC ahlobene nawo asetshenziselwa amaqabunga esihlahla sikaKhisimusi sokwenziwa, imiqhele yezimbali kanye nemihlobiso yezimbali. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zingase zibe nezidingo ezahlukene zobukhulu, ukuziphatha kwelangabi, ukuqina nombala uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo yocingo lotshani lwangaphandle.

Ifilimu ye-PVC ejwayelekile vs. Ifilimu ye-PVC engamelani ne-UV

Indlela Yokukhetha Ifilimu ye-PVC Yokukhiqiza Uthango Lwangaphandle

1. Cacisa Indawo Yokuchayeka Ngaphandle

Nikeza imakethe yokufaka ehlosiwe, ukuchayeka elangeni okulindelekile, izimo zezulu kanye nezindinganiso zokusebenza zangaphandle ezisebenzayo. Lezi zidingo zisiza ekuchazeni izinto zokuhlola nokwakha ezidingekayo zezinto ze-PVC ezikhethiwe.

2. Khetha Ubukhulu Obufanele Befilimu Ye-PVC

Ubukhulu befilimu buthinta ukuqina kwe-strip, isisindo, ukuguquguquka kanye nokubukeka kotshani bokwenziwa okuqediwe. Ubukhulu obukhethiwe kufanele buhlolwe ngokuhambisana nemishini yokusika, yokusika kanye neyokuhlanganisa ucingo yekhasimende. Ubukhulu obuhlukene bungadinga izimo ezahlukene zokwakheka noma zokucubungula.

3. Qinisekisa Izidingo Zombala Nomphezulu

Imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ingasetshenziswa yodwa noma ihlanganiswe emikhiqizweni yokuhlobisa ucingo lotshani. Abathengi kufanele banikeze ireferensi yombala futhi bacacise izidingo ezi-matt noma ezisobala. Ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle kungadinga nenqubo yokugcinwa kombala evunyelwene ngayo.

4. Qondanisa Ububanzi Bomgoqo Nemishini Yokuguqula

Cacisa ububanzi obudingekayo be-master-roll, ububanzi be-slit, ukucushwa kwe-winding, isisindo se-roll kanye nobukhulu be-core. Uhlu lwamanje lomkhiqizo lunikeza isiqondiso sobubanzi obuncane kodwa alumiseli ububanzi obukhulu obujwayelekile kuwo wonke amazinga amelana ne-UV.

5. Qinisekisa Ukuhlolwa kwe-UV kanye Nezinye Izimfuneko Zokuthobela Imithetho

Nikeza ukuhlolwa kokuchayeka okudingekayo, ubude besikhathi, imikhawulo yokwamukelwa kanye nezidingo zemibhalo. Uma umkhiqizo oqediwe udinga ukuhlolwa kokuvinjelwa komlilo noma izinto ezinqunyelwe, lezi zidingo kufanele futhi zichazwe ngaphambi koku-oda.

Ifilimu ye-PVC evikela i-UV ngokwezifiso yabakhiqizi

I-HSQY ingaxoxa ngezidingo zefilimu ye-PVC nezimboni zocingo lotshani lokwenziwa, abaguquli bezitshalo eziluhlaza zokuhlobisa kanye nabathengi bezinto zokuthengisa ngobuningi. Ulwazi oluwusizo lwesilinganiso sobuchwepheshe kanye nesezentengiselwano luhlanganisa:

• Ubukhulu befilimu obudingekayo kanye nokubekezelelana

• Ububanzi be-Master-roll noma be-slit-roll

• Ireferensi yombala oluhlaza okotshani, oluhlaza okotshani, onsundu noma ngokwezifiso

• Ukuqeda okumhlophe noma okusobala

• Ukuqina kwenhloso, ukuguquguquka kanye nokuziphatha okuguqulayo

• Ukuqeda ukusetshenziswa kanye nokwakhiwa kocingo lotshani oluqediwe

• Isimo sezulu sangaphandle kanye nezimo zokuchayeka okulindelekile

• Indlela yokuhlola ye-UV noma ye-weathering edingekayo kanye nenhloso yokusebenza

• Izidingo zokwakheka kokuqukethwe oku-Virgin noma okuphinde kwasetshenziswa

• Izidingo ezisebenzayo zamakhemikhali noma ukusebenza komlilo

• Isisindo somqulu, usayizi oyinhloko kanye nokucushwa kokupakisha

• Ubuningi be-oda, izwe lapho uya khona kanye nemigomo yokulethwa

Incazelo yamanje yefilimu, inkomba yezinto ezibonakalayo noma isampula yocingo lotshani oluqediwe ingasiza ekucaciseni izakhiwo ezidingekayo lapho kubukezwa ukwakheka kwe-PVC okwenziwe ngokwezifiso.

Ukupakishwa Nokulethwa Kwefilimu Yocingo Lotshani Lwe-PVC

Ifilimu yocingo lotshani lokwenziwa lwe-PVC inikezwa ngesimo somqulu wokusika nokuguqula phansi komfula. Amalungiselelo okupakisha nokuthutha kufanele ahambisane nobukhulu bomqulu, inani le-oda kanye nezidingo zokuthunyelwa.

• Ukupakisha Isampula: Imiqulu emincane evikelwe nge-PE foam futhi ipakishwe emabhokisini ngokwelungiselelo lesampula elivunyelwene ngalo.

• Ukupakishwa Kwemiqulu: Imiqulu yefilimu ye-PVC egoqwe ngefilimu yepulasitiki evikelayo bese ipakishwa emabhokisini noma emaphalethini.

• Ukupakishwa kwePallet: Ulwazi lomkhiqizo wokuqala lubala ama-500–2000 kg nge-plywood pallet ngayinye.

• Ukulayishwa Kwesitsha: Ulwazi lomkhiqizo wokuqala lubhekisela cishe kumathani angu-20 okuthunyelwa kwesitsha. Ukulayishwa kwangempela kuncike ekucushweni kwe-roll kanye ne-pallet.

• Imigomo Yokulethwa: I-FOB, i-CIF kanye ne-EXW.

• Isikhathi Sokukhokha: Uhlu lokuqala lusho izinsuku eziyi-7-15 ngemuva kokufaka idiphozithi. Isheduli yokugcina kufanele iqinisekiswe ngefomula ekhethiwe engamelani ne-UV kanye nenani le-oda.

Izithombe Zokukhiqizwa Kwamafilimu e-PVC Nokupakisha

Imibhalo Yekhwalithi Nokuhambisana Nemithetho

Ulwazi lomkhiqizo wokuqala lubhekisela kumadokhumenti e-SGS kanye ne-ISO 9001:2008. Lezi zinkomba azimiseli izinga elithile lokumelana ne-UV kuwo wonke amazinga efilimu ye-PVC. Abathengi kufanele baqinisekise amadokhumenti asebenza kuncazelo eqondile yezinto ezibonakalayo futhi bacele imibiko efanele yokuhlolwa kwesimo sezulu noma i-UV lapho kudingeka khona.

Imibukiso Yomhlaba Wonke Yeqembu Lepulasitiki le-HSQY

I-HSQY Plastic Group ihlanganyele emibukisweni yamazwe ngamazwe ukuze ixhumane nabakhiqizi, abasabalalisi, abangenisa impahla kanye nabathengi bezinto zezimboni abavela ezimakethe ezahlukene.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nefilimu Ye-PVC Engamelani Ne-UV

Iyini ifilimu ye-PVC engamelani ne-UV yocingo lotshani lokwenziwa?

Ifilimu yocingo lotshani lwe-PVC olungamelana ne-UV iyinto yokugoqa ye-PVC enemibala ehloselwe ukukhiqiza imichilo yotshani yokwenziwa kanye namaqabunga othango lokuhlobisa lapho kufanele kucatshangelwe khona ukukhanya kwelanga. Ukusebenza kuncike ekwakhiweni kwangempela kanye nezidingo zokuhlola ezicacisiwe.

Ukuzinza kwe-UV kuyisiza kanjani ifilimu yothango lotshani lwe-PVC?

Iziqinisi ze-UV ezifanele zingasiza ekunciphiseni ukuwohloka kwe-PVC okuhlobene ne-ultraviolet ngesikhathi sokuchayeka ngaphandle. Ukusebenza kahle kuncike ezithasiselweni, imibala, ukujiya kwefilimu kanye nezimo zokuchayeka, futhi kufanele kuhlolwe ngokuhambisana nezidingo zokusebenza ezichaziwe.

Ifilimu yothango lotshani lwe-PVC engamelana ne-UV ingahlala iminyaka emingaki ngaphandle?

Ayikho impilo yesevisi yangaphandle ebanzi kuwo wonke amafilimu e-PVC amelana ne-UV. Impilo yesevisi incike esimweni sezulu, ukuqina kwelanga, ukwakheka, izimo zokufakwa kanye nokubukeka okwamukelekayo noma izinguquko zesakhiwo semishini. Abathengi kufanele bacele ulwazi lokuhlolwa oluqondene nebanga lephrojekthi yabo.

Yiziphi izindlela zokuhlola i-UV ezingasetshenziswa kwifilimu ye-PVC?

Izindlela zokusheshisa i-lab zingafaka phakathi izindlela ezifanele ze-ISO 4892 noma ze-ASTM UV kanye ne-xenon-arc. Indlela esebenzayo, ubude bokuhlolwa kanye nezindinganiso zokupasa kufanele kuchazwe ngumthengi futhi kuqinisekiswe ngezinto ezikhethiwe.

Ingakanani ubukhulu befilimu yothango lotshani lwe-PVC engamelani ne-UV etholakalayo?

Uhlu lwamanje lomkhiqizo luhlanganisa u-0.07 mm kuya ku-1.2 mm. Ububanzi obuqondile bokujiya obutholakalayo ngefomula edingekayo engamelani ne-UV kufanele buqinisekiswe ngaphambi koku-oda.

Ingabe umbala oluhlaza kanye nobubanzi bomgoqo kungenziwa ngokwezifiso?

Uhla lwemikhiqizo luhlanganisa imibala eluhlaza, eluhlaza okotshani, onsundu kanye nemibala engenziwa ngezifiso. Uhlu lwamanje luchaza ububanzi obungaphezu kuka-15 mm. Abathengi kufanele banikeze ububanzi babo obuqondiwe, ireferensi yombala kanye nobukhulu bomgoqo ukuze kuqinisekiswe.

Ingabe ifilimu ye-PVC engamelani ne-UV iyafana nekhaphethi yotshani yokwenziwa?

Cha. Lo mkhiqizo uyizinto zokusetshenziswa zefilimu ye-PVC ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza amaqabunga okuhlobisa kanye nemichilo yocingo lotshani. Ikhaphethi yotshani eyenziwe ngokwenziwa eqediwe ngokuvamile ihlanganisa imicu yokwenziwa kanye nesakhiwo esisekelayo futhi yenziwa ngenqubo ehlukile.

Ingabe i-PVC ephinde yasetshenziswa ingasetshenziswa kufilimu yocingo lotshani lokwenziwa olungamelana ne-UV?

Ukwakheka kokuqukethwe okusetshenziswe kabusha kungaxoxwa ngakho, kodwa okuqukethwe kwezinto ezisetshenziswe kabusha, izidingo zokuzinzisa kanye nokusebenza kwangaphandle kumele kuhlolwe ndawonye. Isilinganiso sokuqukethwe okusetshenziswe kabusha kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza okufanele kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngebanga elikhethiwe.

Ingabe umbiko we-SGS ufakazela izinga elithile lokumelana ne-UV?

Hhayi ngokwako. Umbiko wokuhlola kumele ukhombe izinto ezibonakalayo, indlela yokuhlola i-UV noma isimo sezulu, izimo zokuchayeka kanye nemiphumela elinganisiwe. Isitifiketi senkampani ejwayelekile noma ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezingahlobene akumiseli izinga elithile lokumelana ne-UV.

Iyini inani elincane kakhulu le-oda lefilimu yothango lotshani lwe-PVC?

I-MOQ ebhalwe phansi yamanje ingu-1000 kg. Ukwakheka kwe-UV okwenziwe ngokwezifiso, imibala, ububanzi noma ezinye izidingo ezikhethekile kungadinga ukuqinisekiswa okuhlukile kokukhiqiza.

Yiluphi ulwazi okufanele abathengi balunikeze ngesilinganiso?

Sicela unikeze ukujiya kwefilimu, ububanzi, umbala, indawo, inani elidingekayo, ukusetshenziswa okuqediwe, indawo yokuchayeka ngaphandle, indinganiso yokuhlolwa kwe-UV uma ikhona, izidingo zokupakisha kanye nendawo yokuthunyelwa. Isampula yezinto zamanje noma imininingwane yobuchwepheshe ingasiza ekucaciseni izidingo.

Mayelana ne-HSQY Plastic Group

I-Changzhou Huisu Qinye Plastic Group Co., Ltd. isekelwe eChangzhou, eJiangsu, eShayina futhi inikeza ishidi le-PVC nefilimu, ishidi le-PET, i-APET, i-PETG, i-GAG nezinye izinto zepulasitiki zezicelo zokukhiqiza zezimboni.

Kwabakhiqizi bocingo lotshani lokwenziwa kanye namaqabunga okuhlobisa, i-HSQY ingaxoxa ngokukhethwa kwezinto zefilimu ye-PVC, umbala, ukujiya, ifomethi yokugoqa, ukuhambisana kokucubungula kanye nezidingo zokusebenza kwe-UV ezithile zephrojekthi.

Xhumana ne-HSQY Plastic Group ngezincazelo zakho zefilimu yocingo lokufakelwa yangaphandle ukuze uxoxe ngezinketho zezinto ezibonakalayo, imibhalo yokusebenza, inani lokuthenga kanye nezidingo zokuthumela ngaphandle.