I-11-Layer PA / PP / EVOH / PE High Barrier Coextrusion Film

I-11-Layer PA / PP / EVOH / PE High Barrier Coextrusion Film

Ifilimu ye-HSQY ene-PA/PP/EVOH/PE ene-high barrier coextrusion ene-layer ezili-11 yimpahla yokupakisha eguquguqukayo ene-multilayer eyenzelwe usetyenziso olufuna i-oxygen barrier enamandla, ukumelana nokubhoboza, ukutywinwa kobushushu kunye neenkcukacha ze-roll ezenziwe ngokwezifiso.

Isakhiwo sangoku yi-PA/TIE/PP/TIE/PA/EVOH/PA/TIE/PE/PE/PE. I-EVOH ibonelela ngomqobo oyintloko weoksijini kunye negesi, i-PA inegalelo kumandla oomatshini kunye nokumelana nokubhoboza, ngelixa iileya ze-polyolefin zixhasa ukumelana nokufuma, ukuguquguquka, ukusebenza kokutywina kunye nokukhuselwa kwesakhiwo somqobo wangaphakathi.

I-HSQY ibonelela ngefilimu ukusuka malunga ne-0.03mm ukuya kwi-0.45mm ubukhulu kunye ne-200mm ukuya kwi-4000mm ububanzi. Igeyiji yefilimu, ububanzi, ububanzi bomqukumbelo, ubungakanani bomongo, inqanaba lesithintelo, indlela yokutywina, unyango lomphezulu kunye neemfuno zokuprinta zinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokwemveliso epakishiweyo kunye nomatshini wokupakisha.

Ifilimu ingavavanywa ukuze ifumaneke kwiipakethe ze-vacuum, iipakethe zokutya eziguquguqukayo kunye nezicelo ezikhethiweyo ze-thermoforming. Ukubulala iintsholongwane, ukubilisa, unyango kunye nezinye izicelo ezifuna ubushushu okanye ulawulo zifuna isakhiwo esenziwe ngobuchule obuthile kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwesicelo esithile endaweni yokuthathwa ngokudityaniswa kwezinto kuphela.

PA/PP/EVOH/PE High Barrier Film Images

Iinkcukacha zeFilimu enomqobo ophezulu enezintlu ezili-11

Indlela Esebenza Ngayo Ulwakhiwo lwe-PA/PP/EVOH/PE oluneZingqimba ezili-11

Ukudibanisa ii-multilayer coextrusion kuvumela ii-polymers ezahlukeneyo ukuba zenze imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwefilimu enye. Endaweni yokufuna i-polymer enye ukuba ibonelele ngazo zonke iipropati zoomatshini, izithintelo, ukutywina kunye nokucubungula, umaleko ngamnye unokulungiswa ukuze ulungele indima ethile.

Kutheni i-EVOH isetyenziswa kwiPakethe yeHigh Barrier

I-EVOH isetyenziswa kwiipakethe ezininzi ngenxa yokuba i-oxygen kunye negesi ziphantsi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neeplastiki eziqhelekileyo.

Umqobo weoksijini ubalulekile kwiimveliso ezinokuchaphazeleka yioksijini, ukutshintsha kombala, ukulahleka kwevumba, ukurhawuzelelwa okanye olunye uhlobo lokonakala xa zichatshazelwa yioksijini ngexesha lokugcina.

I-EVOH inovelwano kumswakama ongqongileyo, ngoko ke idla ngokukhuselwa ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esinee-multilayer ngamaleya e-polyolefin afana ne-PE okanye i-PP. Yingakho ukusebenza kwesithintelo kufuneka kuhlolwe ifilimu epheleleyo ye-multilayer kunokuba kuthathwe kumaleya e-EVOH kuphela.

Isithintelo seOksijini kunye ne-OTR

I-Oxygen Transmission Rate, okanye i-OTR, yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwifilimu yokupakisha equlethe i-EVOH. I-OTR ephantsi ngokubanzi ibonisa ukuxhathisa okunamandla kuthumelo lwe-oksijini phantsi kweemeko zovavanyo ezichaziweyo.

I-OTR ichaphazeleka yi-EVOH grade, ubukhulu be-EVOH, ulwakhiwo lwe-maleko iyonke, ubukhulu befilimu iyonke, umswakama ohambelanayo, ubushushu kunye neemeko zokwakheka. Ixabiso elinye eliqhelekileyo le-OTR akufuneki lisetyenziswe kwifilimu nganye ye-PA/PP/EVOH/PE.

Ukuba iprojekthi yakho ichaza ithagethi ye-OTR, nika indlela yovavanyo efunekayo, ubushushu, umswakama kunye nexabiso lethagethi ukuze isakhiwo sefilimu sivavanywe ngokuchanekileyo.

Isithintelo soMphunga wamanzi kunye ne-WVTR

I-Water Vapor Transmission Rate, okanye i-WVTR, ichaza ubungakanani bomphunga wamanzi odlula kwizinto zokupakisha phantsi kweemeko ezithile.

Kule filimu inee-multilayer, ukhuseleko lokufuma luxhaswa kakhulu zii-polyolefin layers endaweni yokuchaza i-EVOH ngokwayo njenge-moisture-barrier resin. Iinxalenye ze-PE kunye ne-PP zinceda ekunciphiseni ukudluliselwa kwamanzi nomphunga kwaye zikhusela i-EVOH oxygen-barrier layer yangaphakathi kumswakama.

Abathengi abaneemfuno ezithile ze-WVTR kufuneka banike imiqathango yovavanyo ekujoliswe kulo kuba i-WVTR iyahluka ngokwesakhiwo se-polymer, ubukhulu, ubushushu kunye nokufuma.

Ifilimu eNqabileyo ePhakamileyo yokuPakisha iVacuum

Ukupakisha nge-vacuum kususa uninzi lomoya ojikeleze imveliso ngaphambi kokuba iphakheji ivalwe. Kwiimveliso ezibuthathaka kwioksijini, ifilimu enomqobo ophezulu inokunceda ukunciphisa ukungena kweoksijini eludongeni lwephakheji.

I-PA inegalelo ekuqineni nasekuxhathiseni ukubhoboza njengoko iphakheji ihambelana ngokusondeleyo nemveliso, ngelixa i-EVOH ibonelela ngomqobo weoksijini kwaye icala le-PE libonelela ngokusebenza kokuvala ubushushu kwisakhiwo esidwelisiweyo ngoku.

Inyama Entsha Neyenziwe Ngayo

Iifilimu zokucoca ezithintela kakhulu zinokuvavanywa kwinyama entsha, inyama ecutshungulweyo, iisoseji kunye nezinye iimveliso zeproteni apho ukhuseleko lweoksijini, ukumelana nokugqobhoza kunye nokuqina kwetywina kubalulekile.

Iintlanzi kunye nokutya kwaselwandle

Ukupakisha ukutya kwaselwandle kufuna ulawulo olucokisekileyo lokuthembeka kwephakheji, ubushushu bokugcina kunye nokhuseleko lwezinto eziphilayo. Ukukhethwa kwefilimu kufuneka kuqinisekiswe kunye nemveliso yokwenyani yokutya kwaselwandle kunye neemeko ezifunekayo ze-cold-chain.

Itshizi kunye neemveliso zobisi

Iifilimu ezine-EVOH zinokunceda ukukhusela itshizi ebuthathaka kwioksijini kunye neemveliso zobisi ezikhethiweyo ngelixa i-PA inegalelo ekuchaseni oomatshini ngexesha lokupakisha nokusasaza nge-vacuum.

Ifilimu ethintelayo ephezulu yeThermoforming

Izakhiwo ezifanelekileyo ze-PA/EVOH/polyolefin zingasetyenziswa njengee-thermoforming bottom webs. Ngexesha le-thermoforming, ifilimu iyafudunyezwa ize itsalwe kwindawo engenanto ngaphambi kokuba ukutya kulayishwe kwaye i-top web ehambelanayo ivalwe kwiphakheji.

Ukwenza ifilimu yolula kwaye inciphise, ingakumbi kwiikona kunye nemingxuma enzulu. Ifilimu enika umqobo owaneleyo ngaphambi kokuba yenziwe inokuba nobukhulu bendawo kunye nokusebenza komqobo okwahlukileyo emva kokutsalwa okunzulu.

Kwiiprojekthi ze-thermoforming, chaza ubude bomngxuma, ububanzi, ubunzulu, i-radius yekona, ubushushu bokwenza, imodeli yomgca, ubunzima bephakheji kunye nokusebenza kwesithintelo esifunekayo ukuze igeyiji kunye nesakhiwo esifanelekileyo zivavanywe.

PA / PE Medium Barrier vs PA/EVOH/PE High Barrier Film

Ifilimu eprintiweyo nenemibala eprintiweyo enemiqobo ephezulu

Ukupakisha okuguquguqukayo okuprintiweyo kuvumela imizobo yophawu, ulwazi lwemveliso, iibhakhowudi, imiyalelo yokulungiselela kunye nolwazi olulawulayo ukuba lufakwe kwiphakheji.

Ukusebenza kokuprinta kuxhomekeke kumaleko wangaphandle wepolymer, unyango lomphezulu kunye nenkqubo ye-inki ekhethiweyo. Ukuba kufuneka ukuprinta ngombala, chaza indlela yokuprinta, inani lemibala, umsebenzi wobugcisa, icala lokuprinta kunye nonyango lomphezulu olufunekayo.

Ifilimu eprintiweyo kufuneka ivavanywe ngenkqubo epheleleyo yokupakisha, kuquka ukwenziwa apho kufanelekileyo khona, ukuvalwa kobushushu, i-vacuum, indawo yokugcina ebandayo kunye nokuphathwa kwephakheji, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umphezulu oprintiweyo ugcina ukunamathela kunye nembonakalo efunekayo.

Iimfuneko Eziphambili Zokusebenza Kwefilimu Enemiqobo Ephezulu

Izinto ezisetyenziswayo ngoku aziboneleli ngexabiso eliqinisekisiweyo le-OTR, i-WVTR, amandla okutywina, ukubhoboza okanye amaxabiso okutsalwa kwale filimu ichanekileyo. Ukuba ezi parameters zibalulekile kwiinkcukacha zakho, cela idatha yobugcisa okanye uvavanyo oluhambelana nomgangatho othile endaweni yokusebenzisa amaxabiso aqhelekileyo anzima.

Ukupakishwa kokutya okubandayo nokuqandisiweyo

Iifilimu ezinee-PA ezininzi eziqulathe iileya ezininzi zihlala ziqwalaselwa apho iipakethe zifuna ukuqina ngexesha lokufrijiwa, ukuqandisa kunye nokusasazwa. Ukuguquguquka kwefilimu, ukumelana nempembelelo kunye nokuthembeka kwetywina kufuneka kusavavanywe kubushushu bokugcina bokwenyani.

Kwiimveliso ezikhenkcezisiweyo, chaza ubushushu obuncinci bokugcina, indlela yokukhenkceza, ubunzima bemveliso, umngcipheko obukhali, iimeko zokuwa kunye nexesha elifunekayo lokuhlala eshelufini.

Ngaba le filimu ifanelekile kwi-MAP?

Iifilimu ezine-EVOH ezinemiqobo ephezulu zinokuba yinxalenye yeenkqubo zeModified Atmosphere Packaging, kodwa ukusebenza kwe-MAP kuxhomekeke kuyilo olupheleleyo lwephakheji endaweni yefilimu yodwa.

Iiprojekthi zeMAP kufuneka zichaze imveliso, umxube wegesi ekujoliswe kuwo, imfuneko yeoksijini eseleyo, ubushushu bokugcina, ixesha elifunekayo kwishelufu, ubunzulu bokwakha, ulwakhiwo lwewebhu ephezulu kunye neemeko zokutywina.

Ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nexesha elichithwe eshelufini kufuneka kuqinisekiswe kwinkqubo epheleleyo yeMAP ngumvelisi wokutya okanye iingcali zobugcisa ezifanelekileyo.

Iimfuneko zokuPakisha eziBuyiselwayo neziBilayo

Ukubakho kwe-PP kunye ne-EVOH kwisakhiwo esinee-multilayer akwenzi ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba yonke ifilimu ifaneleke ukusetyenziswa kwe-retort okanye ukubilisa.

Ukulungiswa kwe-retort kunokubeka upakisho kwindawo emalunga ne-121°C okanye eminye imijikelo yoxinzelelo lobushushu oluphezulu, kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo. Uhlobo lwe-sealant, iileya ze-tie, i-EVOH grade, i-PA grade, ii-layer ratios kunye nokwakhiwa kwefilimu iyonke kufuneka zonke zenzelwe inkqubo yobushushu efunekayo.

Ukuba kufuneka ukupakisha okuphindiweyo okanye okubilayo, nika ubushushu benkqubo echanekileyo, ixesha lokubamba, uxinzelelo, uhlobo lokutya kunye neemfuno zokutywina ukuze i-HSQY iqinisekise ukuba isakhiwo esinikezelweyo siyafumaneka na.

Ukupakishwa kwezonyango kufuna iBanga elizinikeleyo

Ulwazi lomthombo we-HSQY olukhoyo ludwelisa upakisho lwezonyango phakathi kwezicelo ezinokubakho. Nangona kunjalo, upakisho lwezonyango luneemfuno ezongezelelweyo ezixhomekeke kwisixhobo, inkqubo yokuthintela iintsholongwane, iqabane lokutywina kunye nendlela yokubulala iintsholongwane.

Ifilimu eyenzelwe ukubulala iintsholongwane nge-ethylene oxide, i-gamma, i-electron-beam okanye i-steam sterilization kufuneka ifaneleke ngokukodwa kuloo nkqubo yokubulala iintsholongwane. Ukuhambelana nephepha lezonyango, ii-substrates zohlobo lweTyvek, ii-nonwovens okanye ezinye ii-webs eziphezulu kufuna uvavanyo olwahlukileyo.

Musa ukuphatha isatifikethi somgangatho se-SGS okanye se-ISO njengobungqina bokuba yonke inguqulelo yale filimu ivunyiwe njengenkqubo yokupakisha yezonyango engenazintsholongwane.

Iinketho zeFilimu yeCoextrusion yeZilinganisi ezili-11 ezenziwe ngokwezifiso

• Ubukhulu obulungiselelwe wena ukusuka kuluhlu lwemveliso olufanelekileyo.

• Ububanzi beroli obulungiselelwe wena ukuya kuthi ga kumda ofanelekileyo womatshini.

• Ulwakhiwo lwe-multilayer olulungiselelwe ngokweemfuno zomqobo.

• Umlinganiselo owahlukileyo we-PA, EVOH, PP kunye ne-PE layer.

• Ithagethi ye-OTR eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ixhomekeke kwindlela yovavanyo kunye neemeko.

• Imfuneko ye-WVTR eyenziwe ngokwezifiso.

• Izakhiwo zokupakisha i-vacuum.

• Izakhiwo ezisezantsi ezisebenzisa i-thermoforming.

• Indlela elula yokuxobula okanye yokutshixa apho kukho izakhiwo ezifanelekileyo.

• Umbala ocacileyo okanye olungiselelwe wena.

• Unyango lomphezulu olunokuprintwa.

• Ukuprinta imibala ngokwezifiso.

• Ubungakanani besiseko esenziwe ngokwezifiso kunye nobubanzi bomqukumbelo.

• Ukupakisha imiqulu yokuthumela ngaphandle kunye noqwalaselo lwepalethi.

Ulwazi olufunekayo kwisicatshulwa sefilimu esithintelayo

• Imveliso epakishiweyo.

• Inkqubo yokucoca nge-vacuum, i-thermoforming, i-MAP okanye enye indlela yokupakisha.

• Ulwakhiwo lwefilimu yangoku ukuba lukhona.

• Ubukhulu befilimu obufunekayo.

• Ububanzi bomqukumbelo obufunekayo.

• Ububanzi be-core kunye ne-OD ephezulu yokuqengqeleka.

• I-OTR efunekayo kunye neemeko zovavanyo.

• Iimeko zovavanyo ezifunekayo ze-WVTR kunye novavanyo.

• Ubunzulu kunye nobukhulu bomngxuma we-thermoforming.

• Uphawu kunye nomzekelo womatshini wokupakisha.

• Iqabane lesitywino elifunekayo okanye izinto ezikwiwebhu ephezulu.

• Imfuneko yokukrazula okanye yokutshixa ngokulula.

• Ubushushu bokugcina kunye nexesha elifunekayo lokugcinwa.

• Inkqubo yokuzibuyisela umva, ukuthambisa okanye yokubilisa ukuba kuyasebenza.

• Indlela yokuprinta, imibala kunye nomsebenzi wobugcisa ukuba kuyimfuneko.

• Amaxwebhu afunekayo olawulo okanye onxibelelwano lokutya.

• Ubungakanani bovavanyo kunye nokusetyenziswa konyaka.

• Ilizwe kunye nezibuko apho uya khona.

Iziqinisekiso kunye namaxwebhu obuchwephesha

Umfanekiso wesatifikethi ongezantsi ugcinwe kwiphepha lokuqala. Abathengi kufuneka baqinisekise inguqulelo yesatifikethi yangoku, ukufaneleka, umda wokwenziwa kwayo kunye nokuba amaxwebhu ayasebenza na kwisakhiwo sefilimu kunye nesicelo esicwangcisiweyo.

Kwizicelo zokutya, zonyango, zokuphendula okanye ezinye ezilawulwayo, cela amaxwebhu aphathelele isicelo endaweni yokuxhomekeka kuphela kwisatifikethi somgangatho se-SGS okanye se-ISO.

Imiboniso yeHlabathi yeQela lePlastiki leHSQY

I-HSQY idibana nabaprosesa bokutya, abaguquli bokupakisha, abasasazi kunye nabathengi bemizi-mveliso kwimiboniso yamazwe ngamazwe ukuze baxoxe ngeefilimu ezithintela kakhulu, iifilimu ezilungisa ubushushu, iifilimu ezivala izivalo kunye neeprojekthi ezipheleleyo zokupakisha eziguquguqukayo.

Imveliso kunye nokuPakisha iiFilimu eziBanda kakhulu

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo Malunga neFilimu ye-11-Layer High Barrier

Yintoni ifilimu yokudibanisa iileya ezili-11?

Ifilimu ye-coextrusion enamaleko ali-11 idibanisa ii-polymer ezilishumi elinanye ezisebenzayo kunye nee-tie layers ngexesha lenkqubo enye ye-coextrusion. Iileya zikhethwa ukubonelela ngeempawu ezifana nomqobo we-oxygen, ukumelana nokubhoboza, ukutywina, ukhuseleko lokufuma kunye nokusebenza kokucubungula.

Iyintoni isakhiwo sale filimu ye-HSQY?

Isakhiwo esidwelisiweyo ngoku yi-PA/TIE/PP/TIE/PA/EVOH/PA/TIE/PE/PE/PE/PE. Izakhiwo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zinokufuna imveliso eyahlukileyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kobugcisa.

Kutheni i-EVOH isetyenziswa kwifilimu?

I-EVOH inika umqobo onamandla weoksijini, igesi kunye nevumba. Ihlala ibekwe ngaphakathi kwiphakheji yeleya ezininzi kwaye ikhuselwe zezinye iileya zepolymer kuba ukusebenza kwayo komqobo kuchaphazeleka bumswakama.

Ngaba i-EVOH inika umqobo wokufuma?

I-EVOH ikhethwa ikakhulu ngenxa yokuthintela ioksijini kunye negesi. Ukumelana nomphunga wamanzi kwisakhiwo esineengqimba ezininzi kudla ngokuxhaswa ziingqimba zepolyolefin ezijikelezileyo ezifana ne-PE kunye ne-PP.

Kutheni i-PA isetyenziswa kwifilimu enesithintelo esiphezulu?

I-PA, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-nylon, yongeza amandla oomatshini, ukuqina kunye nokumelana nokubhoboza. Ezi mpawu ziluncedo ngakumbi kwiipakethe ze-vacuum kunye ne-thermoforming.

Ingakanani i-density range?

Iinkcukacha zemveliso zangoku zidwelisa malunga ne-0.03mm ukuya kwi-0.45mm, elingana ne-30-450μm. Ubukhulu bokugqibela obufumanekayo buxhomekeke kwisakhiwo esifunekayo kunye nokusetyenziswa.

Zeziphi ii-roll widths ezikhoyo?

Iphepha langoku libonisa ububanzi ukusuka kwi-200mm ukuya kwi-4000mm. Nika imodeli yomatshini, ububanzi bomqukumbelo ofunekayo, ububanzi obuphambili kunye ne-OD ephezulu yomqukumbelo xa ucela ikowuteshini.

Ingaba le filimu ifanelekile ekupakisheni nge-vacuum?

Izakhiwo ezifanelekileyo zingasetyenziselwa ukupakisha inyama, ukutya kwaselwandle, itshizi kunye nezinye iimveliso nge-vacuum. I-gauge yokugqibela yefilimu kunye nesakhiwo kufuneka zikhethwe ngokwemilo yemveliso, umngcipheko wokubhoboza, iimeko zokuvala kunye neemfuno zomqobo.

Ngaba ifilimu inokwenziwa nge-thermoform?

Iindidi ezifanelekileyo zingasetyenziswa njengee-thermoforming bottom webs. Ukuze utsale nzulu, bonelela ngobunzulu bokubumba, ubungakanani bomngxuma, i-corner radius kunye neemeko zomatshini kuba ifilimu iba ncinci ngexesha lokubumba.

Ingaba le yifilimu yeMAP?

Izakhiwo ezine-EVOH ezinemiqobo ephezulu zingasetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ze-MAP ezikhethiweyo. Umxube wegesi, ijiyometri yephakheji, i-OTR, ukuthembeka kwetywina, ubushushu bokugcina kunye nesidingo sobomi beshelufu kufuneka ziqinisekiswe kwiphakheji epheleleyo.

Ngaba le filimu ingaprintwa ngombala?

Iinketho ezinokuprintwa kunye neziprintwe ngemibala zingaxoxwa ngazo. Nika umsebenzi wobugcisa, inani lemibala, indlela yokuprinta, icala lokuprinta kunye neemfuno ze-inki ukuze unyango lomphezulu kunye neenkcukacha zokuprinta ziqinisekiswe.

Ingaba le filimu ifanelekile ekupakisheni izinto ezingafunekiyo?

Amandla okujika akufunekanga athathwe kwisakhiwo esiqhelekileyo. Ifilimu ezinikeleyo kufuneka iqinisekiswe ngokweqondo lobushushu lokujika, uxinzelelo, ixesha lokubamba, imveliso yokutya kunye neemfuno zokutywina.

Ngaba ingasetyenziselwa ukupakisha kwezonyango?

Izakhiwo ezikhethiweyo zingavavanywa ukuze zipakishwe ngokwezonyango, kodwa inkqubo yokubulala iintsholongwane echanekileyo, isiseko sokutywina, iimfuno zomthetho kunye nendlela yokuqinisekisa kufuneka zichazwe. Ifilimu yokupakisha eguquguqukayo ngokubanzi akufuneki ichazwe ngokuzenzekelayo njengephakheji yezonyango ebulala iintsholongwane.

Ngaba i-HSQY ingayilungisa inqanaba lomqobo?

Ulwakhiwo lomqobo lungaxoxwa ngokwe-OTR efunekayo, i-WVTR, ubukhulu obupheleleyo, ubunzulu bokwakha, imveliso kunye neemeko zokugcina. Nika amaxabiso ovavanyo olujoliswe kuwo kunye neemeko zovavanyo xa kunokwenzeka.

Loluphi ulwazi olufunekayo kwikowuteshini?

Nceda unikeze imveliso epakishiweyo, inkqubo yokupakisha, ubukhulu befilimu, ububanzi, umqobo ofunekayo, ubungakanani bokwenza ukuba kuyasebenza, imodeli yomatshini, iqabane lesitywino, iimeko zokugcina, iimfuno zokuprinta, iimfuno zomthetho kunye nobungakanani bonyaka.

Kutheni Ufanele Ukhethe Ifilimu Yokuxinana Kwe-HSQY High Barrier?

I-HSQY inikezela nge-multilayer i-PA / PE, i-PA / EVOH / PE kunye ne-PA / PP / EVOH / PE iifilimu zokupakisha eziguquguqukayo zokupakisha i-vacuum, i-thermoforming, ukupakishwa kokutya kunye nezicelo ezikhethiweyo zoshishino.

Ubukhulu befilimu, ububanzi, ulwakhiwo lwemaleko amaninzi, inqanaba lesithintelo, iinkcukacha zomqukumbelo kunye noqwalaselo oluprintwayo kunokuxoxwa ngalo ngokwezixhobo zomthengi zokupakisha kunye neemfuno zemveliso egqityiweyo.

Kwiiprojekthi ezintsha, thumela i-HSQY iinkcukacha zakho zangoku zefilimu okanye isampulu yefilimu ebonakalayo kunye nomzekelo womatshini wokupakisha, imveliso kunye nomqobo ofunekayo. Oku kuvumela ifilimu ukuba ihlolwe njengenxalenye yenkqubo epheleleyo yokupakisha endaweni yegama le-polymer kuphela.