Ifilimu yeLamination yeHigh Barrier PET/PE yokuPakisha ukutya

Ifilimu yeLamination yeHigh Barrier PET/PE yokuPakisha ukutya

Ifilimu ye-lamination ye-HSQY ephezulu PET/PE idibanisa umaleko wangaphandle PET ukuze kubekho amandla oomatshini, uzinzo olulinganayo kunye nokuprintwa kunye nomaleko we-PE wokutywina ukuze kube lula ukuguquguquka kunye nokutywina ubushushu. Iinketho ze-barrier ezidweliswe kuluhlu lwangoku lwemveliso ziquka ubuchwepheshe be-EVOH kunye PVDC bokusetyenziswa kokupakisha ukutya okufuna ukhuseleko oluphuculweyo kwi-oxygen, umswakama kunye nokudluliselwa kwevumba elimnandi.

Uluhlu lwangoku lufumaneka ngobukhulu obumalunga ne-45-350μm kunye nobubanzi obuyi-160-2600mm, kunye nefilimu ecacileyo kunye neendlela zokuprinta ezinemibala eyi-1-13. Ingavavanywa ngokupakishwa kwe-vacuum, ukupakishwa kwe-atmosphere eguquliweyo, inyama, intlanzi, ukutya kwaselwandle, iimveliso zobisi, ikofu, izimuncumuncu kunye nokunye ukutya okunomoya-mpilo okanye ukufuma.

Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-laminate kuxhomekeke kwisakhiwo se-laminate, umaleko wesithintelo, ubukhulu obupheleleyo, umaleko wokutywina kunye neemeko zovavanyo. I-OTR yokugqibela, i-WVTR, amandla esitywino, ukuhambelana kokusetyenziswa kobushushu kunye nokusebenza kwexesha elide kufuneka kuqinisekiswe kwiinkcukacha zefilimu ezivunyiweyo kunye nokutya okupakishwe ngokwenene.

Iinkcukacha zeFilimu yeLamination yeHigh Barrier PET/PE

Inqaku lobuchwephesha: Ulwazi lwangoku lwemveliso alupapashi i-OTR, i-WVTR, ubushushu bokuqalisa isitywina, amandla esitywina, amandla e-laminate bond, ububanzi be-roll core, i-OD ephezulu ye-roll okanye imida yokucubungula ubushushu. La maxabiso kufuneka aqinisekiswe ngolwakhiwo oluchanekileyo olusetyenzisiweyo kwiphakheji yokugqibela.

Ulwakhiwo lweLaminate PET/PE

PET kunye ne-PE zenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwe-laminate eguquguqukayo. Ukudibanisa kwazo kuvumela umyili wephakheji ukuba alinganisele ukuqina, ukuprintwa, amandla oomatshini, ukutywina kunye nokusebenza kwesithintelo.

Ukhetho lwe-EVOH High-Barrier

I-EVOH isetyenziswa kakhulu njengesixhobo sokuthintela ioksijini kwizakhiwo zokupakisha ukutya ezineengqimba ezininzi. Xa ikhuselwe ngaphakathi kwe-laminate, inokunciphisa kakhulu ukudluliselwa kweoksijini xa kuthelekiswa nesakhiwo esiqhelekileyo PET/PE .

Ukusebenza komqobo we-EVOH kuchatshazelwa kukufuma, ubukhulu beleya kunye noyilo olupheleleyo lwe-laminate. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, imveliso echazwa kuphela njenge ' PET/PE /EVOH' ayiboneleli ngolwazi olwaneleyo lokuqikelela ixesha leshelufu yephakheji ngaphandle kweenkcukacha ze-OTR kunye neemeko zovavanyo.

Ukhetho lwe- PVDC High-Barrier

PVDC ikwabhekiselwa kwinkcazo yemveliso ye-HSQY yangoku njengetekhnoloji ethintela kakhulu. Ingabonelela nge-oksijini enamandla, ivumba elimnandi kunye nokusebenza kokuthintela ukufuma xa isetyenziswa kwisakhiwo esifanelekileyo sokupakisha.

Ulwakhiwo oluchanekileyo PVDC kunye nokwaluka okanye i-laminate azipapashwanga kwiphepha langoku. Abathengi abafuna isakhiwo se- PVDC kufuneka bacele iinkcukacha zomaleko ohambelanayo, ulwazi lokugquma apho kufanelekileyo, i-OTR, i-WVTR kunye namaxwebhu oqhagamshelwano lokutya.

Ifilimu eqhelekileyo PET/PE vs. High-Barrier PET/PE

Ukuqonda i-OTR yokuPakisha ukutya okuneMiqobo Ephezulu

I-OTR, okanye izinga lokudluliselwa kweoksijini, yenye yezona nkcukacha zibalulekileyo xa ukhetha ifilimu yokupakisha ukutya enemiqobo ephezulu. Ibonisa ukuba ingakanani ioksijini enokudlula kwizinto phantsi kweemeko zovavanyo ezichaziweyo.

I-OTR ephantsi ngokubanzi inika ukhuseleko oluqinileyo lweoksijini, kodwa ixabiso le-OTR linentsingiselo kuphela xa ubushushu bovavanyo, umswakama ohambelanayo, ubukhulu bezinto kunye nomgangatho wovavanyo nazo zichaziwe.

Iphepha langoku le-HSQY alipapashi ixabiso elinye le-OTR. Abathengi kufuneka banike i-OTR yabo ekujoliswe kuyo okanye imfuneko yexesha lokugcinwa kokutya okupakishweyo ukuze isakhiwo esifanelekileyo somqobo sivavanywe.

Ukuqonda i-WVTR yoKhuseleko lokufuma

I-WVTR ichaza isantya apho umphunga wamanzi udlula khona kwifilimu phantsi kweemeko ezichaziweyo. Inokuba luncedo ekutyeni apho ukwanda komswakama okanye ukulahleka komswakama kuchaphazela ubunjani, umgangatho okanye ixesha lokuphelelwa.

Ikofu, ukutya okomileyo, iimveliso zokubhaka, iimveliso zobisi kunye nokunye ukutya okunobuthathaka kumswakama kunokufuna iinjongo ezahlukeneyo zokuthintela ukufuma. Ngoko ke, iphakheji epheleleyo kufuneka ikhethwe ngokwemveliso yokwenyani kunokuba ichazwe ngokwenkcazo eqhelekileyo 'yomqobo ophezulu'.

Ifilimu enomqobo ophezulu yokuPakisha i-Atmosphere eGuquliweyo

Ukupakisha umoya oguquliweyo kuthatha indawo okanye kuguqula ukwakheka kwegesi ngaphakathi kwiphakheji ukuxhasa umgangatho wemveliso kunye nexesha elihlala lihleli.

Kwizicelo ze- MAP , ifilimu kufuneka isebenze nenkqubo epheleleyo yephakheji. Isithintelo sefilimu, umaleko wokutywina, trei okanye isakhiwo sengxowa, umxube wegesi, indawo yephakheji, ubushushu bokugcina kunye nokuthembeka kwetywina zonke ezi zinto zichaphazela ukugcinwa kwegesi.

Abathengi kufuneka banike ukutya okupakishiweyo, umxube wegesi ofunekayo kunye nexesha elibekiweyo xa becela isakhiwo se- PET/PE esinomqobo ophezulu se- MAP .

Ifilimu eNqabileyo ePhakamileyo yokuPakisha iVacuum

Ukupakisha nge-vacuum cleaner kususa umoya kwiphakheji ngaphambi kokuba ivalwe kwaye ingasetyenziselwa inyama, ukutya kwaselwandle, itshizi kunye nezinye iimveliso apho kufuneka kuncitshiswe ukuvezwa kweoksijini.

Ukukhethwa kwefilimu ye-vacuum kufuneka kuqwalasele ukumelana nokubhoboza, amandla okutywina, ukumelana nokugoba, ukuma kwephakheji kunye nomqobo weoksijini. Iimveliso ezinamathambo abukhali, amaqokobhe okanye imiphetho zinokufuna iipropati ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini ekutyeni okuthambileyo okungenamathambo.

Ifilimu yokuthintela ukupakishwa kwenyama ye PET/PE

Inyama entsha neyosiweyo ingadinga ukhuseleko ekudlulisweni kweoksijini, ukulahleka komswakama kunye nokuvuza kwephakheji ngelixa ikwafuna izitywino ezinamandla kunye nokumelana noxinzelelo lokuphatha.

Xa ukhetha ifilimu yokupakisha inyama, bonelela ngohlobo lwenyama, imeko yokuba ithambo lingene okanye ayinamathambo, inkqubo yokufunxa okanye MAP , ubushushu bokugcina kunye nexesha elifunekayo lokugcinwa.

Ifilimu Enomqobo Ophezulu Yeentlanzi Nezokutya Kwaselwandle

Iintlanzi kunye neentlanzi zaselwandle ziphakathi kwezinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekupakisheni okuguquguqukayo okunemiqobo emininzi. Umxholo wokuqala we-HSQY ukwaquka nomfanekiso wokusetyenziswa kokupakisha i-salmon.

Iimfuneko zokupakisha ukutya kwaselwandle zinokwahluka kakhulu phakathi kwesalmon ebandayo entsha, intlanzi eqandisiweyo, intlanzi yeshellfish kunye nokutya kwaselwandle okucutshungulwayo. Ngoko ke, ulwakhiwo lwefilimu kufuneka luhambelane nemveliso yokwenyani, ifomathi yephakheji kunye neemeko zobushushu.

Ifilimu ethintelayo ephezulu yetshizi kunye nobisi

Itshizi kunye neemveliso zobisi zinokufuna ioksijini elawulwayo kunye nokusasazeka komswakama kunye nokutywinwa okuthembekileyo kunye nokumelana neeoyile kunye namafutha avela kwimveliso epakishiweyo.

Iitshizi ezahlukeneyo nazo zinemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokuphefumla kunye negesi, ngoko ke ukuhanjiswa kwegesi okuncinci kakhulu akuchanekanga ngokuzenzekelayo kuyo yonke into esetyenziswayo yobisi. Abathengi kufuneka banike imveliso echanekileyo kunye nomhla wokuphelelwa kwayo.

Ifilimu ethintelayo kakhulu yekofu, iti kunye nezidlo ezikhawulezayo

Ikofu, iti, izimuncumuncu kunye nokutya okomileyo kunokuzuza kwiipakethe ezithintela ioksijini, ukufuma kunye nokudluliselwa kwevumba elimnandi.

Kwezi zicelo, abathengi kufuneka bacacise ukuba iphakheji yokugqibela yingxowa, isachet, i-flow-wrap okanye enye ifomathi kwaye nokuba ngaba kufuneka isithintelo sokukhanya, i-metallization, imbonakalo ye-matte okanye ukuhambelana okukhethekileyo kwevalvu.

Ukuprintwa kombala we-1-13 ukuze kupakishwe ngendlela eguquguqukayo

Iinkcukacha zeHSQY zangoku zidwelisa ushicilelo oluqala kwimibala eli-1 ukuya kweli-13. I-laminate eprintiweyo inokudibanisa ukhuseleko lwezithintelo kunye nophawu, ulwazi lwemveliso kunye nomboniso wentengiso.

Kwiiprojekthi eziprintiweyo, bonelela ngemisebenzi yobugcisa, indlela yokuprinta, inani lemibala, ukugqitywa komphezulu ofunekayo kunye nazo naziphi na iimfuno zokumelana nobushushu okanye inkqubo. Ukuhambelana kokuprinta kufuneka kuqinisekiswe kwisakhiwo sokugqibela se-laminate.

Ukusebenza kweSealability kunye nePackaging-Line

I-PE isetyenziswa njengecandelo lokutywina kwizakhiwo ezininzi ze-laminate ze- PET/PE . Ubushushu bokwenyani bokuqalisa isitywina, ifestile yokutywina kunye namandla esitywina kuxhomekeke kudidi lwe-PE olukhethiweyo kunye nenkqubo yokupakisha.

Ukusebenza komgca wokupakishwa kukwaphenjelelwa yi-coefficient yefilimu yokungqubana, ukuqina, ukugoba, umgangatho wokuqengqeleka kunye nolawulo lokuxinana. Abathengi abasebenzisa izixhobo ezizenzekelayo zokutywina okanye zokutywina kufuneka banike ulwazi ngomatshini xa kunokwenzeka.

Ukubhoboza kunye noKhuselo lweMishini

Umxholo wokuqala we-HSQY udwelisa amandla kunye nokumelana nokubhoboza phakathi kweenzuzo zefilimu. PET inokufaka isandla kumandla okutsalwa kunye nokuzinza kobukhulu kwi-laminate, ngelixa isakhiwo esipheleleyo simisela ukuqina kokugqibela kunye nokumelana nokugoba.

Iphepha langoku alipapashi amaxabiso okuxinana, ukunwebeka, ukubhoboza okanye impembelelo yedart. Abathengi abaneemfuno ezichaziweyo zoomatshini kufuneka bacele idatha yovavanyo lwe-laminate echanekileyo kunye nobukhulu obupheleleyo.

Ukukhusela Ivumba Nencasa

Izakhiwo zomqobo zinokunceda ekunciphiseni ukudluliselwa kweoksijini, ivumba kunye neekhompawundi eziguquguqukayo ngokupakisha okuguquguqukayo. Oku kubalulekile ekutyeni okufana nekofu, itshizi, ukutya kwaselwandle kunye nezinye iimveliso apho ukugcinwa kwencasa kuyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokusebenza kwexesha elide.

Ukhuseleko lwevumba lokwenyani luxhomekeke kwi-laminate epheleleyo endaweni yegama elithi PET/PE lodwa, ngoko ke ulwakhiwo lokugqibela kufuneka lukhethwe ngokwemveliso epakishiweyo.

Iimfuneko zokuLungisa, ukuBilisa kunye nokuLungisa ubushushu

Uluhlu lokuqala lwesicelo se-HSQY lubonisa iingxowa zokutya eziphekwayo nezibilisiweyo. Ezi zicelo akufuneki zithathwe kwi-laminate nganye PET/PE enemiqobo emininzi.

Iinkqubo zokujika, ukucoca, ukugcwalisa ngobushushu kunye nokubilisa zibeka ukupakisha kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zobushushu kunye noxinzelelo. Iiprojekthi ezifuna ukucubungula ngobushushu kufuneka zichaze ubushushu benkqubo, ixesha, uxinzelelo kunye nohlobo lokutya ukuze kuqinisekiswe isakhiwo esifanelekileyo ngokwahlukileyo.

Indlela Yokukhetha Ifilimu Ephezulu Efanelekileyo PET/PE

Idatha yoBugcisa yokuqinisekisa ngaphambi kokuba ku-odolwe ngobuninzi

• Ulwakhiwo oluchanekileyo lwe-laminate kunye nolandelelwano lwemaleko

• PET , PE kunye nobukhulu be-barrier-layer

• Ubukhulu obupheleleyo kunye nokunyamezelana

• I-OTR kunye neemeko zovavanyo

• I-WVTR kunye neemeko zovavanyo

• Ubushushu bokuqalisa isitywino kunye nefestile yesitywino sokusebenza

• Amandla okutywina

• Amandla ebhondi yelaminate

• Iimpawu zokuxinana kunye nokwandiswa

• Ukumelana nokubhoboza

• Umlinganiselo wokungqubana apho kufuneka khona ngumatshini wokupakisha

• Ububanzi be-Roll core

• Ububanzi obuphezulu bomqukumbelo wangaphandle kunye nobunzima bomqukumbelo

• Indlela yokuprinta kunye nendlela yokuprinta

• Amaxwebhu onxibelelwano lokutya kwimarike yendawo oya kuyo

• Ukuhambelana kokucubungula ubushushu apho kuyimfuneko

Loluphi ulwazi omele ulunike iKoteshini?

Imveliso kunye nokuPakisha

Ukupakisha kunye nokuHanjiswa

Amaxwebhu eSatifikethi

I-HSQY ibonisa amaxwebhu okuqinisekisa ngeemveliso zayo zokupakisha eziguquguqukayo. Abathengi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba amaxwebhu afunekayo okunxibelelana kokutya, umgangatho okanye amaxwebhu athile kwimarike ayasebenza kwisakhiwo esithe ngqo PET/PE esinomqobo omkhulu esithengwayo.

Imiboniso yeHlabathi yeHSQY

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo Malunga neFilimu yeHigh Barrier PET/PE

Yintoni ifilimu yokugquma enemiqobo ephezulu PET/PE ?

Yilaminate eguquguqukayo edibanisa PET kunye ne-PE kunye netekhnoloji eyongezelelweyo yokuthintela apho kuyimfuneko. PET ibonelela ngeempawu zoomatshini nezokuguqula, i-PE ibonelela ngokusebenza kokuvala, kwaye umaleko wokuthintela ukhethwa ukunciphisa i-oksijini, ukufuma okanye ivumba elibi ngokweemfuno zephakheji.

Zeziphi izinto zokuthintela ezikhoyo?

Ulwazi lwangoku lwemveliso ye-HSQY ludwelisa iitekhnoloji zokuthintela ze-EVOH kunye PVDC . Ulwakhiwo oluchanekileyo kufuneka luqinisekiswe kwiprojekthi yokupakisha efunekayo.

Ingaba i- PET/PE /EVOH iyafana ne- PET/PE / PVDC ?

Hayi. I-EVOH kunye ne- PVDC zizinto ezahlukeneyo zokuthintela ezinezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu zokusebenza. Abathengi kufuneka bachaze okanye baqinisekise ukuba loluphi ubuchwepheshe bokuthintela obufunekayo endaweni yokuphatha ezi zakhiwo zimbini njengezifanayo.

Zeziphi iingqiniba ezikhoyo?

Inkcazelo yangoku ye-HSQY idwelisa malunga ne-0.045-0.35mm, elingana ne-45-350μm.

Zeziphi ii-roll widths ezikhoyo?

Ububanzi obupapashweyo yi-160-2600mm.

Yintoni i-OTR yefilimu?

Ulwazi lwangoku lwemveliso alupapashi ixabiso elinye elisisigxina le-OTR. I-OTR ixhomekeke kwisakhiwo esichanekileyo sesithintelo, ubukhulu kunye neemeko zovavanyo. Cela idatha ye-OTR ethile yomgangatho wefilimu ekhethiweyo.

Yintoni i-WVTR?

Ixabiso le-WVTR elimiselweyo alipapashwanga kwiphepha langoku. Abathengi abaneemfuno ezichaziweyo zokuthintela ukufuma kufuneka banike i-WVTR ekujoliswe kuyo kunye neemeko zovavanyo.

Ingaba ifilimu ifanelekile ukupakishwa kwe-atmosphere eguquliweyo?

Imveliso ingavavanywa ngokwezicelo ze- MAP apho isakhiwo sefilimu esikhethiweyo sinika umqobo wegesi ofunekayo kunye nokusebenza kokutywina. Ukutya okwenyani, umxube wegesi, ifomathi yephakheji kunye neemeko zokugcina kufuneka zibonelelwe ukuze kuvavanywe.

Ngaba ifilimu ingasetyenziselwa ukupakisha nge-vacuum?

Ukupakisha i-vacuum kufakiwe phakathi kwezicelo ezicetywayo. Ukukhethwa kwefilimu yokugqibela kufuneka kuqwalasele ukusebenza kwesithintelo, ukumelana nokubhoboza, amandla okutywina kunye nejometri yemveliso epakishiweyo.

Ingaba ifanelekile na ekupakisheni inyama?

Ewe, ifilimu enomqobo ophezulu inokuvavanywa ukuba ipakishwe inyama entsha okanye elungisiweyo. Qinisekisa ukuba imveliso ayinamathambo okanye ayinawo, inkqubo yokupakisha, ubushushu bokugcina kunye nexesha elichithwe ekujoliswe kulo.

Ingaba ifilimu ifanelekile kwisalmon kunye nokutya kwaselwandle?

Ewe. Iintlanzi kunye neentlanzi zaselwandle ziphakathi kwezicelo ezifanelekileyo, kwaye iphepha lokuqala le-HSQY liquka umfanekiso wokupakisha i-salmon. Umqobo ochanekileyo kunye neenkcukacha zoomatshini kufuneka zihambelane nemveliso yeentlanzi zaselwandle kunye nenkqubo yokupakisha.

Ingaba ingasetyenziselwa itshizi kunye neemveliso zobisi?

Ewe. Iifilimu ezinomqobo ophezulu zingasetyenziselwa ukupakisha itshizi kunye nobisi olufanelekileyo. Ukuhanjiswa kwegesi okufunekayo kunokwahluka ngokwemveliso, ngoko ke inqanaba lomqobo kufuneka likhethwe ngokuxhomekeke ekutyeni okwenyani.

Ingaba ingasetyenziselwa ikofu kunye nezidlo ezikhawulezayo?

Ikofu, iti kunye nezidlo ezikhawulezayo zidweliswe phakathi kwemiyalelo yokusetyenziswa kwangoku. Iiprojekthi kufuneka zichaze ioksijini efunekayo, umswakama, ivumba kunye nomqobo wokukhanya kunye nefomathi yokugqibela yephakheji.

Ngaba ifilimu ingaprintwa?

Ewe. Iinkcukacha zemveliso yangoku zidwelisa ukuprintwa kombala omnye ukuya koweshumi elinesithathu. Nika umsebenzi wobugcisa, inani lemibala, inkqubo yokuprinta kunye nokugqitywa okufunekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe.

Ingaba le yifilimu yokugquma eyenziwe kwangaphambili trei ?

Eli phepha libekwe njengefilimu ebanzi PET/PE enemiqobo ephezulu yokugquma ukutya ukuze kupakishwe ukutya okuguquguqukayo. I-HSQY ineemveliso ezahlukeneyo ze trei -covering ze PET , i-PP kunye neenkqubo ze-high-barrier trei -sealing.

Ingaba ifilimu kulula ukuyixobula okanye ukuyitshixa?

Umthombo wangoku awuchazi umsebenzi we-easy-peel okanye i-lock-seal oqhelekileyo wale mveliso. Indlela i-Seal ixhomekeke kumaleko we-PE sealant kunye ne-substrate yokudibana. Xela uhlobo lwe-seal olufunekayo xa ucela ikowuteshini.

Ingaba ifilimu ifanelekile ukupakisha i-retort?

Uluhlu lokuqala lwesicelo lukhankanya ukupakisha i-retort, kodwa ukuhambelana kwe-retort akufuneki kuthathwe kuyo yonke PET/PE isakhiwo esinomqobo ophezulu. Nika ubushushu be-retort, ubude bexesha, uxinzelelo kunye nohlobo lokutya ukuze kuqinisekiswe ulwakhiwo olufanelekileyo lwe-thermal-grade.

Ingaba ifanelekile ukupakishwa okubilayo?

Ukusetyenziswa okubilisekayo kufuna isakhiwo esifanelekileyo kwiimeko zokufudumeza ezichaziweyo. Xela ubushushu bamanzi obufunekayo kunye nobude bokufudumeza ngaphambi kokukhetha ifilimu.

Ingaba ifilimu ingasetyenziswa kwakhona?

I-laminate PET/PE equlethe iipolymers ezininzi kunye neengqimba zomqobo akufuneki ichazwe ngokuzenzekelayo njengenokuphinde isetyenziswe. Ukuphinde isetyenziswe kuxhomekeke kwisakhiwo esipheleleyo sezinto kunye nenkqubo yokuqokelela kunye nokurisayikilisha kwimarike ekujoliswe kuyo.

Ngawaphi amaxwebhu okunxibelelana ngokutya afumanekayo?

Imifanekiso yesatifikethi iboniswa kunye nemveliso yangoku, kodwa amaxwebhu afanelekileyo okunxibelelana nokutya kufuneka aqinisekiswe ngokwesakhiwo se-laminate kunye nemarike yendawo ekuyiwa kuyo ngaphambi kokuba isetyenziswe kwezorhwebo.

Ngowuphi ubungakanani bomgca we-roll kunye nobubanzi obukhulu be-roll obufumanekayo?

La maxabiso awapapashwa kwiinkcukacha zemveliso zangoku. Nika umatshini wokupakisha iphakheji i-free and roll requirements xa ucela ikowuteshini.

Lithini ixesha lokunikezelwa kwesicelo elidwelisiweyo?

Ulwazi lwangoku lwemveliso ludwelisa malunga neentsuku zokusebenza ezili-10-14 ngokuxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha kunye nobungakanani beodolo. Ixesha lokugqibela lemveliso kufuneka liqinisekiswe ngokweemfuno zesakhiwo kunye nokuprinta ezivunyiweyo.

Loluphi ulwazi endifanele ndilunike ikowuteshini?

Nika uhlobo lokutya, ifomathi yephakheji, ubukhulu, ububanzi bomqulu, i-OTR/WVTR ekujoliswe kuyo okanye ixesha lokuphelelwa kwayo, MAP okanye iimfuno ze-vacuum, i-substrate yokutywina, ubushushu bokugcina, ukuprinta, iimfuno zokucubungula ubushushu, ubungakanani kunye nendawo ekuyiwa kuyo.