I-Honeycomb Karatasi ya polycarbonate yokufakela uphahla kunye ne-glazing

I-Honeycomb Karatasi ya polycarbonate yokufakela uphahla kunye ne-glazing

I-HSQY honeycomb polycarbonate nyenzo za karatasi isebenzisa isakhiwo esiqinileyo esinamacala amaninzi ukuze idibanise ukuqina, ubushushu, ukumelana nefuthe kunye nokudluliselwa kokukhanya kwendalo kophahla, ii-skylights, ii-greenhouses, ii-canopies kunye ne-architectural glazing.

I-honeycomb polycarbonate yinxalenye yosapho lwe-polycarbonate olucwangcisiweyo okanye oluneendonga ezininzi. Iimbambo zangaphakathi zahlula i nyenzo za karatasi zibe ngamagumbi omoya amaninzi avaliweyo, nto leyo enceda ukonyusa ukuqina kwephaneli ngelixa igcina ubunzima obuphantsi kunephaneli eqinileyo efana nayo.

Iinkcukacha zeenkcukacha zeHSQY zangoku zidwelisa izakhiwo ze-10mm, 12mm kunye ne-16mm, ububanzi be-2100mm, ukhetho oluninzi olucacileyo nolunemibala, kunye nokusetyenziswa kuzo zonke iiprojekthi zokwakha, ezoshishino kunye nezolimo.

Iinkcukacha zeHoneycomb Karatasi ya polycarbonate

Ingcaciso Qaphela: Itheyibhile yeenkcukacha ekhoyo idwelisa i-10mm, i-12mm kunye ne-16mm njenge-3RS. Ngenxa yokuba isigama se-honeycomb kunye ne-triple-wall sinokuchaza iijometri ezahlukeneyo zangaphakathi, abathengi kufuneka baqinisekise umzobo wecandelo ochanekileyo, ulwakhiwo lwembambo, ubunzima bephaneli, ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kunye nedatha yobushushu ye nyenzo za karatasi ekhethiweyo ngaphambi kokuba ivunywe.

Yintoni iHoneycomb Karatasi ya polycarbonate ?

I-honeycomb polycarbonate nyenzo za karatasi yiphaneli ye-polycarbonate eyakhiwe ngokungenamngxuma equlethe iimbambo ezininzi zangaphakathi kunye neendawo zomoya ezivaliweyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nesakhiwo esisisiseko esinamacala amabini, inethiwekhi yembambo yangaphakathi eyinkimbinkimbi inokunyusa ukuqina kwaye idale amagumbi omoya ongezelelweyo okukhusela.

Isiphumo seso sixhobo sikhaphukhaphu esikhanyayo esinokuqwalaselwa xa kufuneka kusetyenziswe ukukhanya kwelanga kwendalo, ubushushu kunye nokuqina kwephaneli.

Igama elithi honeycomb lichaza isakhiwo sangaphakathi esiqinisiweyo endaweni yejiyometri enye yendalo yonke. Imilo yembambo, ubungakanani beseli, inani leendonga kunye nobunzima be nyenzo za karatasi zinokuhluka phakathi kweemveliso, ngoko ke umzobo onqamlezileyo kufuneka uhlolwe iinkcukacha zeprojekthi.

I-Honeycomb vs. i-Twinwall Polycarbonate

I-Honeycomb vs. I-Polycarbonate Enodonga Oluthathu

I-polycarbonate eneendonga ezintathu idla ngokubhekisa kwi nyenzo za karatasi eneendonga ezintathu eziphambili ezithe tye ezidityaniswe ziimbambo. I-honeycomb okanye iindonga ezininzi eziqinisiweyo nyenzo za karatasi zinokusebenzisa i-geometry yeselula entsonkothileyo.

Ngenxa yokuba itheyibhile ye-HSQY yokuqala ilebhelisha iimveliso ze-10mm, 12mm kunye ne-16mm njenge-3RS ngelixa imveliso ibizwa ngokuba yi-Honeycomb Karatasi ya polycarbonate , umzobo wecandelo ngqo kufuneka uqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuba uchaze isakhiwo njengoyilo oluthile lwe-honeycomb olunezindonga ezintathu okanye olune-hexagonal.

Kutheni Ukhetha iHoneycomb Karatasi ya polycarbonate ?

Ulwakhiwo oluQinisekisiweyo oluneHole

Iimbambo zangaphakathi ezongezelelweyo zinceda ukusasaza imithwalo kwiphaneli ngelixa zigcina ulwakhiwo olungenanto. Ubungakanani bolwakhiwo buxhomekeke kwi- nyenzo za karatasi geometry, ubunzima, ubukhulu, ububanzi kunye nokwakheka.

Ukufakwa kobushushu obuphezulu

Amagumbi omoya amaninzi avaliweyo anceda ekunciphiseni ukudluliselwa kobushushu kwi nyenzo za karatasi . Oku kwenza i-polycarbonate eqinisiweyo eneendonga ezininzi ibe luncedo kuphahla, ii-skylights kunye ne-greenhouse glazing apho ubushushu buyinxalenye yemfuneko yoyilo.

Ulwazi lokuqala lwemveliso luchaza usapho lweendonga ezininzi njengolunikezela ngobushushu obungcono ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60% kuneglasi enepaneli enye. Le yingxelo eqhelekileyo yosapho lwemveliso; cela ixabiso le-U lokwenyani lephaneli ethile ye-10mm, 12mm okanye 16mm yehoneycomb xa ukusebenza kobushushu kubalulekile.

Ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kwendalo

Iiphaneli zehoneycomb ezicacileyo nezikhanyayo zinokubonelela ngemini yendalo ngelixa ipateni yangaphakathi yeseli itshintsha indlela ukukhanya okudlula ngayo kwi nyenzo za karatasi .

Umthombo wangoku ubhekisa kwi-80% yokusasazwa kokukhanya kwendalo kusapho olubanzi lweendonga ezininzi. Ukusasazwa kunye nokusasazwa ngokuchanekileyo kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngokobukhulu obukhethiweyo, umbala kunye nolwakhiwo.

Ukumelana neempembelelo

I-Polycarbonate inika amandla okumelana nempembelelo xa ithelekiswa nezinto zokugquma ezibuthathaka kwaye ingaqwalaselwa xa kuphahla, kwii-skylights nakwiiphaneli zangaphandle ezichatshazelwe yimpembelelo eqhelekileyo yemozulu.

Isichotho, ikhephu, ukungcola okubangelwa ngumoya okanye ukusebenza kwesiphepho kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo epheleleyo yephaneli, kubandakanya ubukhulu, ulwakhiwo lweembambo, isithuba senkxaso, izibophelelo kunye nokwakheka. Iphaneli yehoneycomb eqhelekileyo akufuneki ichazwe ngokuzenzekelayo njengekalishwe yinkanyamba.

Ukhuseleko lwe-UV

Ulwazi olukhoyo ngemveliso ye-HSQY luthi ukhuselo lwe-UV oluphuma kunye lusetyenziselwa ukunceda ukunciphisa ukutyheli kunye nokuwohloka okunxulumene nelanga.

Qinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko lwe-UV lusetyenziswa kwicala elinye okanye kumacala omabini ephaneli ekhethiweyo. Ukuze ukhuseleko lwe-UV lube kwicala elinye, umphezulu okhuselekileyo kufuneka ujonge ngaphandle ujonge elangeni.

Ulwakhiwo oluKhawulezayo

Uyilo lweseli olungenanto lunciphisa ubunzima bezinto xa luthelekiswa nephaneli eqinileyo enobukhulu obufanayo. Ubunzima bephaneli esezantsi bunokwenza kube lula ukuthuthwa, ukuphakamisa kunye nokufakela kwaye kunciphise umthwalo ongapheliyo kwizakhiwo ezixhasayo.

I-Polycarbonate yobusi eyi-10mm, 12mm kunye ne-16mm

Ezi zizikhokelo zokukhetha ezijolise kwisicelo, kungekhona ukulinganiswa komthwalo wesakhiwo. Ubukhulu kufuneka bukhethwe kunye nobunzima bendawo, ijiyometri yangaphakathi, isithuba senkxaso, umthwalo womoya, umthwalo wekhephu kunye nexabiso le-U elifunekayo.

I-Polycarbonate yobusi ecacileyo nenemibala

Iinkcukacha zeHSQY ezikhoyo zidwelisa imibala ecacileyo, eluhlaza, echibini eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, emerald, emdaka, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-opal, engwevu kunye nemibala eyenziwe ngokwezifiso.

Umbala uchaphazela zombini imbonakalo kunye nokudluliselwa kokukhanya. Cela idatha ye-optical yobukhulu kunye nombala ochanekileyo endaweni yokucinga ukuba yonke imibala nyenzo za karatasi inokusebenza okufanayo emini.

I-Polycarbonate yobusi yokufakela uphahla kunye nee-Skylights

I-polycarbonate yobusi ingaqwalaselwa kwiindawo zophahla ezikhanyayo, ii-skylights, iindawo zokuthenga, izakhiwo zemidlalo, iiprojekthi zokuhlala kunye nokukhanya kwelanga kwemizi-mveliso apho kufuneka khona ubunzima obuphantsi kunye nokukhanya kwendalo.

Isakhiwo esinomngxuma oqinisiweyo sinokubonelela ngebhalansi eyahlukileyo yokuqina kunye nokufakwa kobushushu kwiimveliso ezilula ze-twinwall. Ukufaneleka kokugqibela kusafuneka kumiselwe kwimithwalo yesakhiwo, ubude bepaneli, isithuba senkxaso kunye neenkcukacha zofakelo.

I-Honeycomb Polycarbonate yeeCanopies kunye neendlela zokuhamba

Iiphaneli ezicacileyo, ezinombala okanye ezityheli zingasetyenziswa kwiikhanophi zokungena, iindlela zokuhamba ezigqunyiweyo, iingcango zesitimela esingaphantsi komhlaba, izakhiwo zokumisa iibhasi kunye nezinye iindawo zangaphandle ezikhuselekileyo.

Kwiiprojekthi zekhanophi, qinisekisa ukuthambeka kophahla, ububanzi, isithuba senkxaso, iimeko zomoya, ukukhupha amanzi kunye neeprofayili zoqhagamshelo ngaphambi kokukhetha ubukhulu bephaneli.

I-Honeycomb Polycarbonate yeZindlu zokuHlaza

I-polycarbonate eneendonga ezininzi inokubonelela ngemini yendalo kunye namagumbi omoya akhusela uphahla kunye neendonga zegreenhouse. Izakhiwo zeseli ezintsonkothileyo zinokuqwalaselwa xa kufuneka ukuba kubekho ukhuseleko olongezelelekileyo.

Kwimveliso yezityalo zorhwebo, cela idatha yokuhanjiswa kokukhanya, ukusasazwa kunye nexabiso le-U kwisakhiwo sehoneycomb esikhethiweyo. Ukusebenza kwegreenhouse akufanele kugwetywe kuphela ngobukhulu bepaneli.

Umthombo wokuqala ukwabhekisa ekusebenzeni kokufuma, kodwa akukho nkcazelo yokwambathisa enikezelweyo yokulwa nokuvuza epapashiweyo. Ukuba unyango lokulwa nokufuma luyimfuneko, luchaze ngokwahlukileyo.

I-Honeycomb Polycarbonate yeZigqubo zeDama lokudada

Ulwazi lokuqala lwe-HSQY ludwelisa iindawo zokudada ezivalekileyo njengesicelo. Iiphaneli ezingaphakathi eziqinisiweyo zinokubonelela ngokukhanya okudlulisiweyo kunye nokukhuselwa kwemozulu ngelixa zigcina ubunzima beephaneli buphantsi.

Ukusetyenziswa kwedama lokubhukuda kufuneka kuthathele ingqalelo umoya, ukufuma, ukufuma, ukuvezwa kweekhemikhali kunye nokuhambelana kwezinto ezitywinayo kunye nezixhobo zefreyimu.

I-Honeycomb Polycarbonate yokuthintela ingxolo

Izithintelo zengxolo zifakiwe kuluhlu lwesicelo sokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, umlinganiselo othile we-acoustic kufuneka upapashwe kuphela xa idatha yokudluliselwa kwesandi ye nyenzo za karatasi echanekileyo kunye nenkqubo efakiweyo ifumaneka.

Kwiiprojekthi ze-acoustic zeendlela eziphakamileyo okanye zasezidolophini, chaza umgangatho ofunekayo wokunciphisa isandi, inkqubo yokuxhasa iiphaneli kunye nomthwalo ongqongileyo.

I-Honeycomb Polycarbonate yeZiboniso kunye neeMboniso

Iiphaneli zehoneycomb ezikhaphukhaphu ezikhanyayo nazo zinokuvavanywa ukuze kujongwe iimpawu, imiboniso kunye nezinto zokuhombisa apho ulwakhiwo lweseli olubonakalayo luhambelana noyilo.

Imifanekiso yeMveliso kunye neSicelo

Izikhokelo zoFakelo

Faka icala elikhuselweyo le-UV ngaphandle

Ukuba i nyenzo za karatasi ekhethiweyo inomphezulu omnye okhuselwe yi-UV, loo mphezulu kufuneka ujonge elangeni. Landela uphawu lwefilimu yokukhusela olunikezelweyo kunye nephaneli.

Jonga iiChannels ezingenanto ukuze zikhuphe amanzi

Kwiiphahla ezithambekileyo, imijelo engenanto idla ngokuhamba ngendlela eya kwicala elithambekileyo lophahla. Kwiglasi ethe nkqo, jonga imijelo ngokuthe nkqo apho kufanelekileyo ukuxhasa ukutsalwa komswakama wangaphakathi.

Vumela Ukwandiswa kobushushu

I-Polycarbonate iyakhula kwaye iyancipha ngobushushu. Iiprofayili zeglasi, imingxunya yokulungisa kunye nemiphetho yeepaneli kufuneka zibonelele ngentshukumo eyaneleyo endaweni yokubamba ngokuqinileyo i- nyenzo za karatasi .

Vala Iziphelo Ezingenanto ngokuchanekileyo

Emva kokusika, susa iitships kwiiseli zangaphakathi. Sebenzisa i-sealing efanelekileyo okanye i-tape ephefumlayo kunye neeprofayili zomphetho ngokwendlela ebekwe ngayo iiphaneli ukunceda ekunciphiseni uthuli, izinambuzane kunye nokufuma okugqithisileyo.

Sebenzisa iiSealants kunye neeProfayili ezihambelanayo

Iiprofayili zoqhagamshelo, iiwasher, izibophelelo, iiteyiphu kunye nezitywini kufuneka zilungele i-polycarbonate kwaye akufuneki zidale ukuqhekeka koxinzelelo okanye zithintele intshukumo yobushushu.

Qinisekisa isithuba seNkxaso yoLwakhiwo

Isithuba senkxaso kufuneka simiselwe ngokwesakhiwo sephaneli, ubukhulu, ububanzi bephaneli, uxinzelelo lomoya, umthwalo wekhephu kunye nejometri yophahla. Umthombo wangoku awupapashi itheyibhile yesithuba sesakhiwo esiqhelekileyo.

Ukusika, Ukubhola kunye nokugoba okubandayo

Ulwazi lokuqala lwemveliso luthi i-polycarbonate eneendonga ezininzi inokunqunyulwa, igotywe kwaye igqojwe kwindawo. Izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nenkxaso efanelekileyo yepaneli kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngexesha lokwenziwa.

I-Honeycomb Polycarbonate vs. I-Solid Polycarbonate vs. Iglasi

Loluphi ulwazi omele ulunike iKoteshini?

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo Malunga neHoneycomb Karatasi ya polycarbonate

Yintoni i-honeycomb polycarbonate nyenzo za karatasi ?

I-honeycomb polycarbonate yiphaneli ye-polycarbonate engenanto eqinisiweyo equlethe iimbambo ezininzi zangaphakathi kunye neeseli zomoya ezenzelwe ukudibanisa ubunzima obuphantsi, ukuqina, ukufudumala kunye nokukhanya okudlulisiweyo.

Ngaba i-honeycomb polycarbonate iyafana ne-twinwall polycarbonate?

Hayi. I-Twinwall idla ngokuba nezikhumba ezimbini zangaphandle ezidityaniswe ziimbambo ezilula ezihambelanayo. I-honeycomb okanye izakhiwo ze-multiwall eziqinisiweyo zisebenzisa iimbambo zangaphakathi ezongezelelweyo okanye iiseli.

Ngaba i-honeycomb polycarbonate iyafana ne-triple-wall?

Akunjalo ngokuyimfuneko. Udonga oluthathu luchaza iindonga ezintathu eziphambili, ngelixa ulusu lwehoneycomb lubhekisa kwisakhiwo sangaphakathi seseli. Itheyibhile yangoku ye-HSQY isebenzisa uphawu lwe-3RS, ngoko ke umzobo wecandelo ngqo kufuneka uqinisekiswe kule mveliso.

Zeziphi iingqiniba ezikhoyo?

Itheyibhile yemveliso eneenkcukacha ngoku idwelisa i-10mm, i-12mm kunye ne-16mm.

Bububanzi obunjani obufumanekayo?

Iinkcukacha ezineenkcukacha zangoku zidwelisa ububanzi obuyi-2100mm. Ubude obuchanekileyo kunye nokunyamezela imveliso kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngekowuteshini.

Yeyiphi imibala ekhoyo?

Inkcazelo yangoku idwelisa imibala ecacileyo, eluhlaza, echibini eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, emerald, emdaka, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-opal, engwevu kunye nemibala eyenziwe ngokwezifiso.

Ngaba i-polycarbonate yehoneycomb inika ubushushu obungcono kune-twinwall?

Isakhiwo esineeseli zomoya ezivalekileyo sinokubonelela ngokhuseleko oluphuculweyo, kodwa ukusebenza kufanele kuthelekiswe kusetyenziswa ixabiso le-U eliqinisekisiweyo leephaneli ezichanekileyo endaweni yegama lesakhiwo lodwa.

Ngaba i-honeycomb polycarbonate inamandla kune-twinwall?

Iimbambo zangaphakathi ezongezelelweyo zinokonyusa ukuqina kwephaneli, kodwa ukusebenza kwesakhiwo kuxhomekeke kwijiyometri, ubunzima bendawo, ubukhulu, ubude besithuba kunye nenkqubo yokuxhasa. Cela idatha yesakhiwo sephaneli echanekileyo.

Ingaba i-honeycomb polycarbonate ifanelekile ukufulela?

Ewe, iiphaneli zodonga ezininzi eziqinisiweyo ezifanelekileyo zingasetyenziselwa uphahla kunye nee-skylights. Ubukhulu, isithuba senkxaso kunye nokufakelwa kufuneka kukhethwe ngokwemithwalo yomoya kunye nekhephu yeprojekthi.

Ngaba ingasetyenziselwa iigreenhouses?

Ewe. I-honeycomb okanye i-polycarbonate eqinisiweyo eneendonga ezininzi ingaqwalaselwa apho iiprojekthi ze-greenhouse zifuna ukukhanya kwelanga okudluliselweyo kunye nokuphuculwa kokugquma okanye ukuqina. Idatha ye-optical kunye ne-thermal kufuneka ihlolwe kwiphaneli ekhethiweyo.

Ngaba i- nyenzo za karatasi inokhuselo lwe-UV?

Ulwazi lwangoku lwemveliso ye-HSQY luthi kusetyenziswa ukhuselo lwe-UV oluvela kunye. Qinisekisa ukuba iphaneli ekhethiweyo isebenzisa ukhuselo lwe-UV oluvela kwicala elinye okanye oluvela kabini.

Leliphi icala elifanele lijonge elangeni?

Kwi-UV-protected nyenzo za karatasi enecala elinye, faka umphezulu ophawulweyo okhuselwe yi-UV ujonge elangeni.

Ingakanani i-honeycomb polycarbonate edlulisela ukukhanya?

Umthombo wangoku we-HSQY ukhankanya ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80% yokusasazwa kokukhanya kwendalo kuluhlu olubanzi lweendonga ezininzi. Ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okuchanekileyo kufuneka kuqinisekiswe kubukhulu, isakhiwo kunye nombala wehoneycomb.

Ithini ixabiso le-U?

Umthombo wemveliso wangoku awuboneleli ngexabiso le-U eliqinisekisiweyo lephaneli yehoneycomb eyi-10mm, 12mm okanye 16mm. Cela idatha yobushushu efanelekileyo xa ubushushu buyinxalenye yenkcazo.

Ngaba i-polycarbonate yehoneycomb inganqunyulwa ize igqojwe?

Ewe. Ulwazi olukhoyo ngemveliso luthi i-polycarbonate enodonga oluninzi inokunqunyulwa kwaye igrunjwe kwindawo kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo.

Ngaba i-polycarbonate yehoneycomb ingakwazi ukugoba?

Iiphaneli zepolycarbonate ezakhiweyo ezifanelekileyo zinokuvumela ukugoba okubandayo kwicala lembambo, kodwa irediyasi encinci evumelekileyo ixhomekeke kubukhulu kunye nolwakhiwo lwangaphakathi kwaye kufuneka iqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokufakwa.

Iiseli ezivulekileyo kufuneka zivalwe njani?

Sebenzisa iitheyiphu ezifanelekileyo zokutywina okanye zokuphefumla kunye neeprofayili zomphetho ngokwendlela yokufakela ukuze uthuli, izinambuzane kunye nokufuma okugqithisileyo kuthintelwe ngelixa kugcinwe iimfuno zokukhupha amanzi.

Ngaba i-honeycomb polycarbonate iyamelana nenkanyamba?

Musa ukucinga ukuba iphaneli yehoneycomb eqhelekileyo ilinganiswe yinkanyamba. Ukusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma yomoya okanye inkunkuma yenkanyamba kufuna inkqubo epheleleyo evavanyiweyo equka iphaneli, ifreyimu, iiprofayili kunye nezibophelelo.

Ingaba inonyango lokulwa nokufunxa?

Umthombo wemveliso wangoku ukhankanya ukusebenza kokufuma kwizicelo zegreenhouse kodwa awupapashi iinkcukacha zonyango oluchasene nokuvuza. Cacisa iimfuno zokufufuma ngokwahlukeneyo.

Yintoni endifanele ndiyinike ikowuteshini?

Nceda unikeze isicelo, umzobo wehoneycomb ofunekayo okanye umzobo wecandelo, ubukhulu, ubukhulu bephaneli, umbala, ubume be-UV, iimfuno zokukhanya kunye nobushushu, isithuba senkxaso, imithwalo yeprojekthi, ubungakanani kunye nendawo ekuyiwa kuyo.

Ukupakishwa kunye nokuHanjiswa

• Ukupakisha isampuli: Amaphepha kwiingxowa ze-PE ezikhuselayo, apakishwe kwiibhokisi.

• Ukupakisha amaphepha: 30kg ngebhegi nganye enefilimu ye-PE, okanye njengoko kufuneka.

• Ukupakisha iPallet: 500-2000kg ngepallet yeplywood nganye.

• Ukulayisha kwisikhongozeli: Iitoni ezingama-20, zenzelwe izikhongozeli ezingama-20ft/40ft.

• Imigaqo yokuhanjiswa: FOB, CIF, EXW.

• Ixesha lokuKhokhela: Iintsuku eziyi-7-15 emva kwediphozithi, kuxhomekeke kumthamo weodolo.

Iziqinisekiso

Ulwazi olukhoyo ngemveliso lubhekisa kwi-SGS kunye ne-ISO 9001:2008. Ububanzi, ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwezatifikethi kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngokwenqanaba elichanekileyo le-honeycomb polycarbonate, ubukhulu, umbala kunye neemfuno zemarike yendawo.

Malunga neHSQY Plastic Group

I-HSQY Plastic Group inamava angaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 kwaye isebenza kwiifektri ezisi-8, ibonelela ngezixhobo zeplastiki zokupakisha, zokwakha, ezonyango kunye nezicelo zoshishino.

Iiprojekthi ze-honeycomb polycarbonate zinokuxoxwa ngokwesakhiwo sangaphakathi, ubukhulu, ubungakanani bephaneli, umbala, iimfuno ze-optical, ithagethi yobushushu, ukhuseleko lwe-UV, isithuba senkxaso, imithwalo yeprojekthi kunye neemfuno zokupakisha ngaphandle.