He aha i kore ai e rahua ngā hiri o te paepae: 12 ngā take o ngā turuturu, ngā kita me te kiri kino

He aha te take kāore te kiriata taupoki e hiritia?

Ko te kore e hiri o te kiriata taupoki, i te nuinga o te wā, ka puta mai i tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā take pūtake 12: ngā rauemi kore hototahi, te kiriata hurihuri, te pāmahana hē, te wā noho hē, te pēhanga kore taurite, te poke o ngā flange, ngā paepae pakaru, te taputapu hē, te kukū kiriata kore pumau, te whakakī nui rawa, te ahotea wera i muri i te hiri, te whakatakotoranga tihorenga hē rānei.

Kaua e whakanuia aunoa te pāmahana hiri. Kāore e taea e te wera nui ake te whakatika i tētahi hiri kore hototahi, i tētahi flange paru, i tētahi kita, i tētahi taputapu hiri pakaru rānei. Engari, ka taea e ia te whakapohehe i te paepae, te whakaiti i te kiriata, ā, ka uaua rawa te whakatuwhera i tētahi hiri ngāwari ki te tihore.

Ko te huarahi tere ko te tautuhi i te tauira rahunga, te kimi i te wāhi e puta ai, kātahi ka whakarerekē i tētahi taurangi whakahaeretia i ia wā.

Ngā Raru Hiri o te Paepae: Te Tohu, Te Take Pea me te Whakatikatika

Ko ngā whakatikatika o tēnei ripanga he tīmatanga tātaritanga. Me noho tonu ngā tautuhinga whakamutunga ki roto i ngā rohe kua whakamanahia e te kaiwhakarato kiriata me te kaihanga taputapu.

Take 1: Kāore te Hiri Kiriata e Taurite ki te Reipa Whakarewa

Tērā pea kei roto i te kiriata taupoki he PET kei waho, engari kei roto pea he PE, he PP, he paninga motuhake rānei kei te taha hiri. Ka whakatauhia te hototahitanga e te hiri o roto me te rauemi e whakaatuhia ana i runga i te flange o te paepae.

Ko ngā huinga noa ko:

Ki te kore e hono pai te kiriata puta noa i tētahi matapihi tukanga tika, kati te whakarerekē i te mīhini, ka manatoko i te atanga o te rauemi.

Ngā HSQY Kei roto i te whānuitanga o ngā kiriata taupoki paepae ngā hanganga rerekē mō ngā paepae CPET, PET, PET/PE me PP. Me whakaaro ēnei hei kōwhiringa motuhake ki te papa, kaua ki ngā rōra ka taea te whakawhiti.

Take 2: Kua Tāutahia te Kiriata me te taha hiri e anga ana ki runga

He maha ngā kiriata taupoki he kotahi anake te taha ka taea te hiri i te wera. Mēnā ka takaihia, ka tāutahia rānei te rōra i te hē, ka pā pea te paparanga o waho kua tāia, kua kore rānei i rongoatia ki te paepae.

Ko ngā tohu noa ko:

• Kāore he piri tonu i muri i te whakawhiti i te rōra

• He mata kanapa, he mata tānga rānei e anga atu ana ki te kai

• He rite tonu te hapa i runga i ia paepae me ia kōhao

• Te pāmahana me te pēhanga mīhini noa, me te kore rawa he tohu hiri

Tirohia te tapanga rōra, te hoahoa wetewete, te tohu taha hiri me ngā whakaritenga maimoatanga korona. Mena kāore i te mārama te tautuhi, tonoa te kaiwhakarato kia tohu i te taha hiri me te ahunga takai i ngā rōra o muri mai.

Me tirohia hoki te kiriata ki te ota whakaputa. Mā te utaina o tētahi rōra hiri-maukati, ngāwari-titi, rōra papa-PP rānei hei whakakapi mō tētahi rōra papa-PET ka raru pea.

Take 3: He iti rawa te pāmahana hiri

Me tae te paparanga hiri-wera ki tōna awhe whakahohenga i te atanga kiriata-tirei. Kāore te pāmahana taputapu e whakaaturia ana e rite tonu ki te pāmahana i tae atu ki taua atanga.

Ka taea e te kore e ranea te wera te whakaputa:

• He hiri e hiki ake ana mā te pēhi māmā o te maihao

• Ngā kokonga ngoikore

• He tohu hiri kapua engari kāore i oti

• Ngā mōkihi e tuwhera ana i te wā e whakahaerehia ana

• Te ngaronga hau MAP

• Te kaha o te kiri e rerekē ana me ngā panoni iti o te tere o te aho

I mua i te whakanui ake i te pūwāhi tautuhinga, manatokohia te pāmahana tuturu o te taputapu hiri mā te whakamahi i tētahi tikanga kua whakatikatikaina. Tirohia te takirua wera, ngā rohe whakamahana, te kaiwhakahaere pāmahana me te wā whakamahana.

Mena kei te tika te mahi a te mīhini, whakapiki ake i te pāmahana i roto i ngā mahi iti kua tuhia, me te pupuri tonu i te wā noho me te pēhanga kia rite tonu. Whakamātauria te kaha me te pono o te hiri i ia tautuhinga.

Take 4: He teitei rawa te pāmahana hiri

Ka taea e te pāmahana nui rawa te hanga i te hiri kia āhua kaha, ā, ka pakaru hoki te kete.

Ko ngā tohu pea ko:

• Te whakahekenga kiriata huri noa i te paepae

• Ngā tohu wera, te mā nui rawa rānei o te hiri

• Ngā parirau paepae piko, piko rānei

• Te kiriata e piri ana ki te taputapu hiri

• Te whakatuwheratanga uaua

• Te haehae kiriata hei utu mō te tihore

• Te pēhi i te hiri i waho o te whitiki hiri e hiahiatia ana

• Te whakapōturitanga, te wehewehe rānei o te laminate

Whakaitihia te pāmahana, te wā noho rānei, kotahi te taurangi i ia wā. Tirohia mēnā kua neke te hiri ki tua atu i tōna papa pumau ki te āhua kua hiri rawa.

Mena kāore e taea te whakatutuki i te ātete turuturu e tika ana me te kore e whakapōturitia te paepae, ko te otinga pea he kiriata tīmatanga hiri-iti iho, kaua he whakatikatika mīhini nui ake.

Take 5: He hē te wā noho, te tere rānei o te rārangi

Ka mahi tahi te pāmahana, te pēhanga me te wā noho. Ko te whakanui ake i te tere o te aho ka whakaiti i te wā pa e wātea ana ki te kore e utua e te mīhini.

Tērā pea ka hiritia pai te mōkihi i te wā whakatūnga engari ka hē ina eke te raina ki te tere arumoni nā te mea:

• Kāore te atanga e whiwhi wera nui ana

• Ka utaina te hiri hou i mua i te whakamatao

• He rerekē te taupūtanga kiriata i waenga i ngā huringa

• Ka whakaitihia te wā hiri whai hua e te horoi hau, te nekehanga paepae rānei

• He rerekē te roa o te whakapā atu o ngā poka rerekē

Tuhia te wā huringa tuturu, kaua e whakawhirinaki noa ki te tautuhinga tere ingoa.

Mena ko te hua te mea e whakawhāiti ana i te hua, whakaarohia he kiriata he whānui ake te matapihi hiri, he iti ake te pāmahana tīmatanga hiri, he kaha ake rānei te wera. Kaua e whakakapi i te koretake o te noho mā te whakanui ake i te pāmahana me te kore e tirotiro mō te mimiti me te kiri ngoikore.

Take 6: He iti, he teitei, he kore taurite rānei te pēhanga hiri

Mā te pēhanga ka piri tata te kiriata me te flange. Ka āwhina hoki i te rere o te hiri puta noa i ngā rerekētanga iti o te mata.

Ki te iti rawa te pēhanga, ka kore e piri ngā wāhi. Tērā pea ka whakapēhia te āhua o te paepae e te pēhanga nui, ka kino te paninga taputapu, ka pēhia rānei te hiri kia matara atu i te rohe hiri.

Ko te hapa e kitea ana i tētahi taha, i tētahi kokonga, i tētahi kōhao rānei, e tohu ana i te tohatoha pa, kaua ki te matū o te kiriata.

Tirohia:

• Te whakarara o te taputapu

• Pēhanga hau, pēhanga waipēhi rānei

• Te nekehanga o te pane hiri

• Te hohonutanga o te kōhanga paepae

• Tautoko flange

• Te āhua o te papa silicone, elastomer rānei

• Rauemi ke i raro i te paepae

• Te mau i ngā inihi, i ngā aratohu, i ngā pou rānei

Mā te pepa whakapā e tairongo ana ki te pēhanga, mā tētahi atu tikanga mahere rānei kua whakaaetia e āwhina ki te tautuhi i ngā wāhi pēhanga teitei me ngā wāhi pēhanga iti.

Take 7: Kei runga i te Flange te Kai, te Hinu, te Makuku, te Whakatōtō rānei

Ko te poke o te wāhi hiri tētahi o ngā tino take o ngā turuturu o te paepae. Ko te ranu, te wai mīti, te hinu, te māngaro, ngā kongakonga, te paura me te hauhautanga ka whakakore i te hononga tonu i waenga i te hiri me te paepae.

Ka taea e te poke e rere ana i te hiri te hanga i tētahi awa e hono ana i te roto o te kete ki te āhuarangi o waho.

Tirohia te tukanga whakakī katoa:

• Kei te maturuturu te pūwero whakakī i muri i te horopeta?

• Kei te tauhiuhi te hua i te wā e whakatereterehia ana te kaikawe?

• Kei te kī rawa te paepae?

• Ka tōia te hua puta noa i te flange i te wā e utaina ā-ringa ana?

• Ka hangaia e te kai mahana te hauhautanga i mua i te hiri?

• Kei te rere haere ngā paura ki runga ake i te paepae?

• Ka kukumea rānei te wai e te horoi korehau, e te horoi hau rānei ki te flange?

Whakatikahia te tukanga whakakī i mua i te ngana ki te whakaoti i te poke mā te whakamahi i te wera nui ake. Tērā pea ka tahuna e te pāmahana teitei ake ngā toenga kai ki roto i te taputapu, engari kāore e hanga he hiri ā-haumaru.

Mō ngā mahi e kore ai e taea te karo i te iti o te parahanga, whakamātauria he kiriata i hangaia mō te mahi hiri-i-roto-i-te-parahanga mā te whakamahi i te kai tuturu.

Take 8: He paru, he tawhito, he hē rānei te tūnga o te taputapu hiri

Ina puta anō he turuturu i te wāhi kotahi, tohua te whakatakotoranga o te paepae me te tau o te poka. He maha ngā wā ka kitea he raruraru mīhini, he raruraru taputapu rānei i roto i te tauira hapa pumau.

Ko ngā take pea ko:

• Te puranga kai, te hiri rānei i runga i te pereti wera

• He paninga kore-piri kua pakaru

• Tapahia te kiriata e piri ana ki te taputapu

• Ngā papa silicone, ngā gasket rānei kua tawhito

• He korehau, he awa hau rānei kua āraia

• Ngā whakamahana wetekina, ngā pūoko pāmahana rānei

• He maripi tapahi kua pakaru

• Ngā kōhanga paepae hē

• Kua tāutahia ngā taputapu ki waho o te pokapū

Horoia te taputapu kia rite ki te tikanga a te kaihanga mīhini. Kaua e whakamahia he mea koi e rakuraku ai ngā mata kore-piri.

I muri i te tiaki, hiritia ngā paepae kau ma i raro i ngā tautuhinga whakahaere. Mena kei te noho tonu te hapa i te tūranga kotahi, tirohia te papatahi o te taputapu, te ōritetanga o te whakamahana me te tūnga ā-ringa.

Take 9: Ka puta ngā kita i te pēhanga kiriata, i te aroturuki rānei

Me tae te kiriata kia papatahi, kia waenganui hoki i runga i te paepae i mua i te katinga o te pane hiri. Mā te nui rawa, te kore rawa, te kore taurite rānei o te pēhanga ka puta he kita ka huri hei awa turuturu.

Ko ngā take noa mō te whakahaere tukutuku ko:

• Ngā tautuhinga pēke, ngā tautuhinga kanikani rānei e rerekē haere ana

• Ngā roera kāore i te tika te tūnga

• Te pakeke o te takai kāore i te ōrite

• Ngā roera whatuwhatu, ngā roera pakaru rānei

• Kiriata miro

• Whānui hurihuri hē

• Ngā hononga ngoikore

• Te whakaterenga tere me te whakaroa

• Ngā hapa tānga kanohi, ngā hapa rēhita rānei

• Ngā rerekētanga o te kumekume puta noa i te whānui o te kiriata

Tuatahi, tirohia mēnā kei mua kē te kita i te teihana hiri, ka puta mai rānei ina katia te taputapu.

Mena kei te taha whakarunga, tirohia te wetewete me ngā kaiārahi. Mena ka puta i te wā e hiritia ana, tirohia te whakapiri, te whakakorekore, te pēhanga me te whakaaturanga o te paepae. Ka taea hoki e te hua e toro atu ana i runga ake i te flange te pana i te kiriata ki runga, ka hanga he miro.

Take 10: Kua pakaru te paepae, te kiriata rānei

Kāore e hē te hiri o ia kete turuturu. Tērā pea ka puta te hau, te wai rānei mā roto i:

• He kokonga paepae pakaru

• He poka i roto i te kiriata taupoki

• He flange kua pakaru

• He wāhi angiangi rawa kua hangaia kia wera

• He tapahi e toro atu ana i roto i te hiri

• He kai koi e pā ana ki te taupoki

• Ngā pakaru mai i te whakarārangi, te kawe, te tākai rānei i ngā pouaka

He mea tino nui te papatahi o te flange o te paepae. Tērā pea ka pā te flange piko ki te taputapu hiri i ētahi wāhi, engari kāore e tautokona i ētahi atu wāhi.

Tirohia ngā rahi me te papatahi o te paepae i mua i te hiri, kaua i muri i te whakamahana anake. Whakatauritehia ngā hapa mā te rota paepae, te āputa me te kaiwhakarato.

Me tiaki ngā takai kiriata mai i te pānga, te makuku, te wera nui me te takotoranga rokiroki kāore i te tika. Ka raru pea te ara o te takai me te haehae i ngā taha kua pakaru i te wā e wetewete ana.

Take 11: Ka pakaru te hiri hou i te kawenga hua, i te ahotea wera rānei

Ka kaha tonu te hiri i a ia e whakamatao ana. Mēnā ka totorohia, ka whakarārangihia, ka pēhia rānei i muri tonu i te putanga mai i te hiri, tera pea ka pakaru ahakoa te āhua pai i te tīmatanga.

Ko ngā pūtake nui o te ahotea ko:

• Te hau whakakī wera e whakawhanui ana i roto i te kete

• Te mamaoa e puta mai ana i te wā e whakamahana ana anō

• Te pēhanga nui rawa o te āputa o te upoko

• Te pa atu ki te hua me te hiki ake i te kiriata

• Ngā putea kua whakarārangihia i mua i te whakamatao o te hiri

• Te hukapapa e pakarukaru ai te kiriata, te paepae rānei

• Te hē o te paepae i te wā e whakamahana ana i te ngaruiti, i te oumu rānei

• Te whakawhānui hau MAP

• Te huringa pāmahana tere i te wā tohatoha

Whakahaerehia te taumaha whakakī me te āputa i mua i te utaina ki raro, kātahi ka whakaratohia he whakamatao me te tautoko e tika ana i mua i te utanga ki raro.

Mō ngā mahi i roto i te ngaruiti me te oumu, whakatauhia mēnā me noho kati tonu te taupoki, me whakaputa hau anō, me wero, me tihore, me tango katoa rānei. Kaua rawa e whakaarohia he kiriata taupoki whānui ka taea te tuku mamaoa whakahaere.

Mō ngā tono CPET, tirohia te paetukutuku motuhake He aratohu hiri wera mō te paepae CPET , ā, whakamahia he taputapu whai tohu Hanganga kiriata-taupoki CPET.

Take 12: Kāore te Pūnaha Peel e Taurite ki te Whakaritenga Whakatuwheratanga

Kāore tonu e whakaaetia he hiri kore turuturu mena kāore e taea e te kaihoko te whakatuwhera ma.

Ka puta pea te kiri kino penei:

• He tino ngāwari te tihore: Ka tuwhera te taupoki i te wā e tohatoha ana, i te wā rānei e ngāwari ana te whakahaere.

• Pakari rawa te tihore: Kāore e taea e te kaihoko te tīmata, te haere tonu rānei te whakatuwhera.

• Te Whakapūmau: Ka piki, ka heke tere te kaha o te kiri.

• Te aho: Ka totoro te hiri i waenganui i te kiriata me te paepae.

• Toenga: Kei te toe tonu te rauemi ki runga i te flange.

• Haehae kiriata: Ka pakaru te taupoki i mua i te wetewete o te hiri.

• Te tango i te kiriuhi: Ka wehea ngā paparanga o roto i te kiriata taupoki.

• Te haehae o te paepae: Ka pakaru tetahi wāhanga o te flange me te kiriata.

Tirohia ngā mata e rua kua wehea kia kitea ai te aratau rahunga.

Kāore he whāinga kaha-huia whānui mō ia paepae. Whakatūria he whānuitanga motuhake mō ia tono i runga i te rahi o te kete, te āhua o te ripa, ngā kawenga tohatoha, te rōpū kaihoko me te mea kei te whakamatao, kei te tio, kei te wera rānei te hua.

Mō ngā paepae e anga ana ki te PE, arotakehia te Ngā kōwhiringa kiriata-taupoki BOPET/PE . Ko ngā paepae e anga ana ki te PP me whai i tētahi mea motuhake Kiriata hiri BOPET/CPP, kiriata hiri hototahi rānei ki te PP.

He Rerenga Mahi Tātaritanga Hiri-Paepae e Rima-Hipanga

Hipanga 1: Taratahitia, tiakina hoki ngā taunakitanga

Puritia te paepae e pāngia ana, te rōra kiriata me ngā tapanga rauemi. Tuhia te rota paepae, te puranga kiriata, te wā, te aho, te kōhao me te kaiwhakahaere.

Kaua e maka atu ngā tauira tuatahi i rahua. Mā tō rātou tūranga me te mata o te rahunga ka kitea te pūtake o te raru.

Hipanga 2: Whakatauhia te wāhi e turuturu ai te kete

Whakatauhia mēnā ka puta te turuturu mā roto:

• Te roopu hiri

• He awaawa kita, he awaawa poke rānei

• Te tukutuku kiriata taupoki

• He taha tapahi

• He pakaru o te paepae

• He kokonga piko

Kāore e taea e te whakanui ake i te kaha o te hiri te whakatika i te poka o te kiriata, te ngatata rānei o te paepae.

Hipanga 3: Maherehia te tauira rahunga

Pātai atu mēnā ko te hapa:

• Ka puta mai i runga i ia paepae

• Ka tāruatia i roto i te kōhao kotahi

• Ka puta noa i ngā kokonga

• I tīmata i muri i te panonitanga o te rārangi ingoa

• Ka puta noa mai me tētahi tunu motuhake

• I tīmata i muri i te pikinga o te tere

• Ka whanake noa i muri i te rongoa makariri, i te whakamahana rānei

He tere ake te whakawhāititanga o te rangahau i te tauira i ngā huringa tawhā matapōkere.

Hipanga 4: Manatokohia ngā āhuatanga tūturu

Tuhia ngā pūwāhi tautuhinga me ngā uara ine mō:

• Te pāmahana hiri

• Te wā noho

• Pēhanga

• Tere o te raina

• Te pāmahana taputapu mā te rohe

• Te taumahatanga o te kiriata

• Taumaha whakakī

• Te pāmahana kai

• Te paepae me te papa kiriata

• Ngā āhuatanga whakaputa taiao

Hurihia tētahi tawhā i ia wā, ki te kore e whakamahia he hoahoa whakamātautau kua tuhia.

Hipanga 5: Whakamātauria te kaha o te hiri me te pono o te kete

Ka ine te kaha o te hiri i te kaha e hiahiatia ana hei wehewehe i ngā rauemi. Mā te whakamātautau i te pono o te kete ka whakatauhia mēnā he ara turuturu kei reira. Ka taea e te kete te kaha tihore nui, engari kei roto tonu he awa.

Kei roto i te ASTM ko te F88/F88M mō te whakamātautau i te kaha o te hiri me te F2029 mō te whakarite me te aromatawai i ngā hiri wera taiwhanga. Tīpakohia ngā tikanga turuturu, pēhanga, korehau, tae, pakū rānei e tika ana mō te kete me te hua o te paepae kore-pūwero motuhake. Ngā paerewa takai ASTM F02

Whakahoutia te tohu mātauranga i muri i te huringa rokiroki me te huringa wera katoa.

Āhea koe me Whakatikatika i te Mīhini, ā, āhea koe me Huri i te Kiriata?

Whakatikahia te mīhini i te tuatahi ina:

• Ka hē te whakakotahitanga o te paepae-kiriata i mua he pumau

• Ka puta anō te hapa i tētahi kōhao, i tētahi tūranga rānei

• He rerekē te pāmahana tuturu i te pāmahana kua whakaritea

• E kitea ana te miro o te kiriata i mua i te hiri

• Kua kore e pumau te pēhanga, te wā huringa rānei

• Kei te kitea te poke, te pakaru rānei o te taputapu

Arotakehia anō ngā whakatakotoranga o te kiriata, te paepae rānei ina:

• Kāore anō te huinga nei kia puta he matapihi hiri pumau

• Ka puta te hē o te wera nui i mua i te taenga ki te kounga e whakaaetia ana

• Kua rerekē te kapia, te paninga, te kaiwhakarato rānei o te paepae

• Ka noho tonu te kiri kāore i te ōrite puta noa i te matapihi tukanga

• Ka rahua te kete i muri i te whakatio, te whakamahana, te tohatoha rānei

• Kāore i te rawaka te ātete ki te ārai, te hauhautanga, te poke rānei

• Ka puta tonu te wehenga o te raima, te haehae rānei o te kiriata

Kāore e taea te whakatau pono i te rerekētanga o ngā rauemi mā te whakahaere i te mīhini kia wera ake.

He aha ngā mea me tuhi i te wā o te whakamātautau hiri i te paepae?

Mō ia āhuatanga whakamātautau, tuhia:

• Kaiwhakarato paepae, waehere, hanganga me te rota

• Rauemi flange kua kitea

• Kaiwhakarato kiriata, hanganga, matotoru me te puranga

• Te taha hiri me te ahunga takai

• Te tautuhi mīhini me te taputapu

• Te pūwāhi pāmahana me te pāmahana ine

• Te wā noho

• Pēhanga

• Te tere whakaputa

• Momo kai, taumaha whakakī me te pāmahana whakakī

• Āhua poke o te flange

• Te wāhi me te kōhao o te hapa

• Hua o te kaha o te hiri

• Aratau tihore i kitea

• Hua whakamātautau turuturu

• Hua i muri i te whakamatao, te penapena, te tio, te whakamahana rānei

Whakaahuahia te kete hiri me ngā mata hiri kua wehea. Mā tēnei ka puta he taunakitanga ka taea te tohatoha ki ngā kaiwhakarato paepae, kiriata me ngā taputapu.

Ngā Pātai Auau mō ngā Raru Hiri o te Paepae

He aha te take kāore taku kiriata taupoki e hiritia ki te paepae?

Ko ngā take tino kitea ko te hiri kore hototahi, te kiriata whakahurihuri, te wera kore rawa, te wā noho poto, te pēhanga kore taurite, te paru rānei i runga i te flange. Whakaūtia te mata hiri tuturu o te paepae i mua i te whakarerekē i ngā tautuhinga mīhini.

Me whakanui ake te pāmahana ina turuturu te paepae?

Kāore e aunoa. Tirohia tuatahi te poke, ngā kita, te takotoranga o te kiriata, te kino o te paepae me te tohatoha pēhanga. Tērā pea ka kino ake te kiri mena ka kore e kati te awa ā-tinana.

He aha i turuturu ai ngā hiri o te paepae i ngā kokonga?

Ko ngā turuturu kokonga e tohu ana i te kore taurite o te pēhanga taputapu, te korenga o te tautoko paepae, te hē o te flange, te poke rānei o te hua. Tātaitia te hapa mā te kōhao, ka tirotirohia te pānga o te kokonga.

He aha i miro ai te kiriata taupoki i te wā e hiritia ana?

Ka puta pea ngā kita i te kumekume kore pumau o te kiriata, te koretake o te aroturuki, te roera pakaru, te whakatakotoranga hē o te taputapu, te toronga rānei o te hua ki runga ake i te flange o te paepae.

He aha i ngāwari ai te tihore o te kiriata?

Tērā pea kāore i te rawaka te pāmahana, te wā, te pēhanga rānei o te hiri. Mā te poke, te hiri kore hototahi, te kiri matotoru rawa rānei ka puta te tohu kotahi.

He aha i uaua rawa ai te tihore i te kiriata?

Ka nui rawa te kaha hiri, te kiriata hiri-maukati, te hoahoa ripa tihore ngoikore, te momo ngāwari tihore hē rānei ka hua ake te kaha whakatuwheratanga nui.

He aha i waiho ai e te kiriata ngā aho, ngā toenga rānei?

Ko te aho me te toenga e tohu ana i te tikanga tango kāore i te tika, te wera nui, te pakaru o te hiri, te kore hototahi rānei i waenga i te mata o te hiri me te mata o te paepae.

He aha te take e paahitia ai te paepae tirotiro, ā, ka turuturu i muri mai?

Tērā pea ka pēhia te hiri i te wā e whakamatao ana, e whakarārangi ana, e tio ana, e kawe ana, e whakamahana ana rānei. Mēnā ka whakamātauria i muri tonu i te whakaputanga, ka ngaro pea ēnei hapa e pā ana ki te wā me te pāmahana.

Ka taea e te kiriata taupoki kotahi te hiri i ngā paepae APET, CPET, PET/PE me PP?

Ka taea e ētahi kiriata whānui te hiri i ētahi papa, engari me whakamātautau motuhake i runga i ia momo paepae. Ko ngā flange PET-, PE- me PP-e hiahia ana ki ngā matū hiri rerekē.

Me pēhea te ārai i ngā turuturu o te paepae?

Whakamahia he huinga paepae-kiriata hototahi, kia ma, kia papatahi te flange, kia pumau ngā tautuhinga pāmahana-wā-pēhanga, whakahaere i te kukū kiriata, me te whakamana i te kete katoa i muri i tōna huringa tohatoha me te whakamahana tuturu.

Te ārai i te rahunga o te hiri paepae e whai ake nei

Ko te hiri pono o te paepae e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā pūnaha e whā e mahi tahi ana:

Ngā rauemi hototahi + ngā pāreti ma, papatahi + ngā tautuhinga mīhini whakahaere + te whakamana i raro i ngā tikanga whakamahinga tūturu.

I te rapu raruraru, tīmata ki te tauira hapa kaua ki te whakahaere pāmahana. Ko te hapa o ia paepae e tohu ana ki te rauemi, ki te aronga rānei; ko te hapa i te kotahi tūranga e tohu ana ki te taputapu; ko ngā awa matapōkere he tohu i te poke, i ngā kita rānei; ā, ko ngā hapa i muri i te tio, i te whakamahana rānei e tohu ana ki te tohu mō te whakamahinga mutunga.

Mō te tautoko hangarau, tukuna ki a HSQY ngā whakatakotoranga o te paepae, ngā tauira rānei, te hanganga kiriata taupoki, te tauira mīhini, ngā whakaahua hapa, ngā tautuhinga whakaputa me te whanonga tihore e hiahiatia ana. Mā tēnei mōhiohio ka taea te wehewehe i tētahi raruraru kiriata mai i tētahi raruraru paepae, taputapu, tukatuka rānei i mua i te tukunga o tētahi ota whakaputa katoa.